42,735 research outputs found
Nutritional factors associated with acne vulgaris
Acne Vulgaris is a common dermatological condition defined as a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of the pilosebaceous unit that affects more than 17 million Americans.^1 Although it is not considered a dangerous condition, it may drastically impair quality of life and leave a substantial psychological impact.^2 Acne’s multifactorial pathogenesis is typically categorized into four aspects: increased sebum production, altered keratinization, inflammation, and bacterial colonization.^3 Dietary factors contribution to the pathogenesis of acne has remained controversial throughout the literature. However, currently there exists a greater understanding between how diet may influence endocrine factors contributing to acne pathogenesis.^4 Additionally, recent published evidence and public paradigm shifts highlighting the relationship between diet and health have caused a resurgence of this topic, particularly among patients seeking a more gentle, alternate solution to current treatments.
Some of the most promising recent correlating evidence supports an association between acne prevalence and dairy consumption, particularly skim milk consumption.^5 It is hypothesized that milk consumption affects the presence of both reproductive, non-reproductive hormones, and growth factors in our body, which may contribute to increased acne prevalence.^6 However, there has been a lack of randomized controlled trials to determine the cause and effects nature of this relationship, as all previous studies are observational.^1 Therefore, this study will conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine the significance between dietary non-fermented dairy consumption and acne prevalence in adolescents. We hypothesize the adaptation of a diet of decreased dairy consumption will decrease the prevalence or severity of acne vulgaris in adolescents between the ages of 13-18. It is our hope that the conclusion of this study will advance our understanding of the dietary correlation between dairy and acne vulgaris in order to provide further insight to guide medical practitioners’ ability to help treat this distressing condition
On patent legislation, patent enforcement and economic growth: empirical evidence from developed and developing countries
This study investigates the long-term effects of national patent
legislation and enforcement systems on the economic development of
42 countries. The econometric methodology that has been adopted involves the
estimation of three different models, namely, the pooled, the fixed effects and
the random effects models whilst the specification of the economic
development regressions is a variant of the standard growth specifications
encountered in relevant studies. The empirical analysis is conducted in the
context of the time period following the imposition of trade-related aspects of
intellectual property rights (TRIPs). The results show that the extension and
strengthening of patent legislation resulting from TRIPs have had a negative
impact on economic development. In contrast, stronger levels of patent
enforcement have had a positive effect overall and particularly for developing
economies while negative for developed economies
Pension Portability and Labour Mobility in the United States. New Evidence from SIPP Data
We explore the role of employer provided pensions on job mobility choices using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Defined benefit plans are found to have a significant negative effect on mobility. However, we find no significant evidence that the potential pension portability losses deter job mobility among workers covered by these plans. We also find that the portability policy change implemented by the Tax Reform Act of 1986 had only minor effects on mobility. Puzzlingly, defined contribution plans, although fully portable, are found to have an impact similar to defined benefit plans. Evidence of compensation premiums accruing to workers in pension, union and health insurance covered jobs supports the view that workers are less likely to leave 'good jobs'.Labour mobility ; Pension portability ; Switching regression models
Cross Country Growth Comparison: Theory to Empirics
This paper reviews the cross-country record of economic growth, using as organizing framework how economic theory has guided that empirical analysis. The paper argues that recent studies of economic growth û both empirical and theoretical û distinguish from previous work in three distinct ways: 1. An explicit focus on cross-country growth and development experiences; 2. Improved, more extensive cross-country data; 3. A heightened need, driven by real-world topicality, for understanding the role of knowledge and technology in economic growth.Convergence, cross-section, regression, distribution dynamics, endogenous growth
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