Frequent Pattern mining with closeness Considerations: Current State of the art

Due to rising importance in frequent pattern mining in the field of data mining research, tremendous progress has been observed in fields ranging from frequent itemset mining in transaction databases to numerous research frontiers. An elaborative note on current condition in frequent pattern mining and potential research directions is discussed in this article. It2019;s a strong belief that with considerably increasing research in frequent pattern mining in data analysis, it will provide a strong foundation for data mining methodologies and its applications which might prove a milestone in data mining applications in mere future

CLIMATE ADAPTATION FOR COASTAL ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE NORTHEAST

The climate is changing, and these changes are expected to accelerate. In the northeast region of the United States, temperatures and sea levels are projected to rise with climate change. These changes have the potential to impact coastal communities in many ways, but this dissertation focuses on climate-change impacts to pavement life. A well-maintained and fully functional roadway system is essential to maintaining a high quality of life and economic vitality in a region. When pavements fail prematurely, the agency and user costs of full-pavement rehabilitation or reconstruction are much higher than the costs of routine maintenance and pavement over-lays. Pavement life is sensitive to changes in temperature and the moisture content of the under-lying layers. This research investigates the individual and combined effects of rising groundwater from sea-level rise (SLR) and rising temperatures on pavement life. Adaptation strategies are evaluated with respect to performance, cost, and long-term viability. A three-dimensional groundwater model is used to characterize groundwater rise caused by SLR in coastal New Hampshire and to establish a groundwater-rise zone (GWRZ). Roads vulnerable to reduced pavement life caused by increasing moisture content in underlying pavement layers from rising groundwater are identified. A top-down, or scenario-based, approach is used to quantify projected pavement life reductions in years 2030, 2060, 2090, and 2100 under a high emissions SLR scenario using pavement layered-elastic analysis. Adaptation options including layer-thickness and base-layer material modifications are evaluated. A hybrid bottom-up/top-down approach is then introduced to evaluate seasonal and long-term changes in pavement life due to climate-change induced temperature rise over a 60-year pavement management period. This approach differs from the top-down approach by beginning with a sensitivity analysis of pavement performance with incremental temperature rise over the entire range (low to high emissions scenarios) of projected temperature rise. Pavement performance is quantified using an optimal hot-mix asphalt (HMA) thickness or the thickness required to achieve a minimum of 85% reliability under the simulated conditions. Next, downscaled Global Climate Model (GCM) output is used to determine the timing of the effects. Finally, a pavement adaptation framework consisting of the hybrid bottom-up/top-down approach, adaptation pathway mapping, and cost analysis is introduced and demonstrated at a case-study site in coastal New Hampshire for the combined effects of temperature and groundwater rise. This research shows that climate change, specifically temperature and SLR-induced groundwater rise, will produce significant reductions in coastal-road pavement life without adaptation planning and implementation. Pavement adaptation in the form of structural modifications can maintain the pavement’s design life with climate change but choosing the best adaptation strategy and the timing of its’ implementation is challenging with an uncertain climate future. Developing adaptation pathways, consisting of a series of performance-based adaptation actions with regular re-evaluation, will result in a cost-effective, stepwise, and flexible adaptation plan that that can help transportation agencies avoid the high cost of premature pavement failure or robust over-design

Future Flooding Impacts on Transportation Infrastructure and Traffic Patterns Resulting from Climate Change

This study investigated potential impacts of climate change on travel disruption resulting from road closures in two urban watersheds in the Portland metropolitan area. We used ensemble climate change scenarios, a hydrologic model, stream channel survey, a hydraulic model, and a travel forecast model to develop an integrated impact assessment method. High-resolution climate change scenarios are based on the combinations of two emission scenarios and eight general circulation models. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System was calibrated and validated for the period 1988-2006, and simulated for determining the probability of floods from 2020-2049. We surveyed stream cross sections at five road crossings for stream channel geometry and determined floodwater surface elevations using the HEC-RAS model. Four of the surveyed bridges and roadways were lower in elevation than the current 100-year floodwater surface elevation, leading to relatively frequent nuisance flooding. These roadway flooding events will become more frequent under some climate change scenarios in the future, but climate change impacts will depend on local geomorphic conditions. While vehicle miles traveled were not significantly affected by road closure, vehicle-hours delay demonstrated a greater impact from road closures, increasing by 10 percent in the Fanno Creek area. Results indicate that any cost analysis is extremely sensitive to the occurrence of human fatalities or injuries and fairly insensitive to delay costs. In addition, this research presents a comprehensive classification of flooding costs, identifies preventative measures, and makes short- and long-term recommendations. Our research demonstrated the usefulness of the integration of top-down and bottom-up approaches in climate change impact assessment, and the need for spatially explicit modeling and participatory planning in flood management and transportation planning under increasing climate uncertainty

Small dams and social capital in Yemen: how assistance strategies affect local investment and institutions

Dams / Investment / Development aid / Irrigated farming / Villages / Water delivery / Yemen

Leadership as a determinant of innovative behaviour

In knowledge-intensive services innovative behaviour of co-workers is a critical success factor. In sectors like consultancy, research and architecture the nature of the work implies that projects are never alike. Innovative behaviour means that co-workers generate ideas for better and/or different products, services or working methods, and strive for implementing such changes. By carrying out certain leadership styles, entrepreneurs are able to boost innovative behaviour of their employees. This study presents an overview of innovation-enhancing leadership styles.

A STUDY ON EFFICIENT DATA MINING APPROACH ON COMPRESSED TRANSACTION

Data mining can be viewed as a result of the natural evolution of information technology. The spread of computing has led to an explosion in the volume of data to be stored on hard disks and sent over the Internet. This growth has led to a need for data compression, that is, the ability to reduce the amount of storage or Internet bandwidth required to handle the data. This paper analysis the various data mining approaches which is used to compress the original database into a smaller one and perform the data mining process for compressed transaction such as M2TQT,PINCER-SEARCH algorithm, APRIOR

Managing technological transitions: prospects, places, publics and policy

Transition management (TM) approaches have generated considerable interest in academic and policy circles in recent years (Kemp and Loorbach, 2005; Rotmans and Kemp, 2003). In terms of a loose definition, a ‘transition can be defined as a gradual, continuous process of structural change within a society or culture’ (Rotmans et al, 2001, p.2). The development of TM, much of which has occurred within the context of the Netherlands, may be seen as a response to the complexities, uncertainties and problems which confront many western societies, in organising ‘sustainably’ various aspects of energy, agricultural, water, transport and health systems of production and consumption. Problems such as pollution, congestion, the vulnerability of energy or water supplies and so on are seen as systemic and entwined or embedded in a series of social, economic, political, cultural and technological relationships. The systemic nature of many of these problems highlights the involvement - in the functioning of a particular system and any subsequent transition - of multiple actors or ‘stakeholders’ across different local, national and international scales of activity. With this in mind, such problems become difficult to ‘solve’ and ‘solutions’ are seen to require systemic innovation rather than individual or episodic responses. The point being that ‘these problems are system inherent and… the solution lies in creating different systems or transforming existing ones’ (Kemp and Loorbach, 2005, p.125). In this paper we critically engage with and build upon transitions approaches to address their ‘applicability’ in the context of the UK. In doing this the paper addresses the prospective potential of transitions approaches, but also their relative neglect of places and publics. Through developing an argument which addresses the strengths and ‘gaps’ of transitions approaches we also analyse the resonances and dissonances between three themes – cities and regions, public participation and national hydrogen strategy – in the transitions literature and the UK policy context

Incremental Processing and Optimization of Update Streams

Over the recent years, we have seen an increasing number of applications in networking, sensor networks, cloud computing, and environmental monitoring, which monitor, plan, control, and make decisions over data streams from multiple sources. We are interested in extending traditional stream processing techniques to meet the new challenges of these applications. Generally, in order to support genuine continuous query optimization and processing over data streams, we need to systematically understand how to address incremental optimization and processing of update streams for a rich class of queries commonly used in the applications. Our general thesis is that efficient incremental processing and re-optimization of update streams can be achieved by various incremental view maintenance techniques if we cast the problems as incremental view maintenance problems over data streams. We focus on two incremental processing of update streams challenges currently not addressed in existing work on stream query processing: incremental processing of transitive closure queries over data streams, and incremental re-optimization of queries. In addition to addressing these specific challenges, we also develop a working prototype system Aspen, which serves as an end-to-end stream processing system that has been deployed as the foundation for a case study of our SmartCIS application. We validate our solutions both analytically and empirically on top of our prototype system Aspen, over a variety of benchmark workloads such as TPC-H and LinearRoad Benchmarks