Primary Care Health Workforce in the United States

Synthesizes findings about trends in the composition, supply, and distribution of the primary care workforce; demand for and pressures on primary care providers; and the impact of technologies, payment policies, market forces, and scope of practice laws

Regulating the Market in an Era of Globalisation: Global Governance via the Forest Stewardship Council

While the recent process of globalisation has been underway for at least 50 years, its extensity, intensity, velocity and impact propensity have never before been so great (Held et al 1999). In the past two decades, globalisation has been facilitated by neoliberal ideas promoting a reduced role for the state and an increased role for the market dramatically increasing the number, reach and power of multinational corporations (Harvey 2005). Although it is evident that the global market system has grown beyond the control of individual states and inter-state organisations, many analysts continue to seek national, inter-national and regional regulatory arrangements (Cerny 2006). Yet expecting such institutions to regulate the global market in the interest of good economic, social and environmental outcomes misunderstands the new role of the state in a globalising world, which is to capture as much of the economic surplus generated by globalising capitalism as possible within its borders. Despite its regulatory weakness, the state will continue to play a crucial role in creating the base conditions for society and the good life in any neo-medieval, poly-centric future (Ruggie 1993; Cerny 2006). Increasingly, however, the regulation of global capitalism for the economic, social and environmental benefit of all rests with global civil society, which must empower itself directly via its own institutions. In this paper, I focus on one specific global civil society organization - the Forest Stewardship Council - and examine its formal organisational features to demonstrate two key points. First, the uniqueness of FSC's organisational structure, constituting it as a sui generis institution in the world of global civil society; and second, its fitness and capacity to regulate the emerging global forest "polity", reconceptualized in non-spatial terms for the new, globalising world

Policies for capacity development

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Shared Prosperity, Stronger Regions: An Agenda for Rebuilding America's Older Core Cities

Explores opportunities for community collaborations to promote economic development and neighborhood revitalization, and offers strategies for public/private investment. Includes case studies in Baltimore, Cleveland, Detroit, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh

Beyond NETmundial: The Roadmap for Institutional Improvements to the Global Internet Governance Ecosystem

Beyond NETmundial: The Roadmap for Institutional Improvements to the Global Internet Governance Ecosystem explores options for the implementation of a key section of the “NETmundial Multistakeholder Statement” that was adopted at the Global Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance (NETmundial) held on April 23rd and 24th 2014 in São Paulo, Brazil. The Roadmap section of the statement concisely sets out a series of proposed enhancements to existing mechanisms for global internet governance, as well as suggestions of possible new initiatives that the global community may wish to consider. The sixteen chapters by leading practitioners and scholars are grouped into six sections: The NETmundial Meeting; Strengthening the Internet Governance Forum; Filling the Gaps; Improving ICANN; Broader Analytical Perspectives; and Moving Forward

Better Together

Calls for a nationwide campaign to overcome civic apathy and outlines the framework for sustained, broad-based social change to restore America's civic virtue

Institutional Change in Urban Environmentalism: A case study analysis of state-level land use legislation in California and New York

This study examines how community development and mainstream environmental groups form coalitions in state-level urban environmental legislation and the effect these coalitions have upon larger processes of institutional change. I argue that the alignment of community development and environmental interests is essential in the efforts to flatten the existing power hierarchy around land use decision-making and open up new possibilities for urban form. It helps to form a "counter-institutional" response which combines "pragmatic" and "purist" interests to resolve the social and environmental dilemmas of land use. This study begins by establishing the extent of the institutional divide between community development and environmentalism through an archival analysis of the 1970s debate over national land use legislation. It then presents two case studies of policies which seek to close this divide: (1) the New York Brownfield Opportunity Area Program of 2003 which was initiated by community groups and (2) the California Senate Bill 375 of 2008 which was initiated by environmental groups. The case studies employ interview data, surveys of organizations, observations of public meetings, and document review. The cases examined provide examples of attempts to expand potential governance outcomes by forming "heterarchic" alliances across policy silos in order to make land use regulation responsive to the wider concerns of urban environmentalists. I find that heterarchy is achieved in the California case, but not in the New York case. The varying degrees to which urban and environmental advocacy groups are able to bridge the institutional divide between them is determinant of these outcomes. The extent to which heterarchic governance is achieved, in turn, impacts the ability of each policy to change the institutional structure of land use regulation

Higher Education Collaboratives for Community Engagement and Improvement

Our society is in a period of dramatic change with the transition from an industrial-based to a knowledge-based economy, as well as technological advances, fiscal challenges of higher education, and cultural shifts in society as a whole. Increasing collaborations between communities and universities in order to influence the public good becomes paramount during this time of dramatic change. As frustratingly slow as the movement to strengthen the relationship between higher education and society sometimes seems to be, few social institutions are better situated than colleges and universities to stimulate significant community improvement. Individually and collectively, institutions of higher education possess considerable resources—human, fiscal, organizational, and intellectual— which are critical to addressing significant social issues. Additionally, these institutions are physically rooted in their communities. Therefore, investing in the betterment of their immediate environments is good for both the community and the institution. However, it is recognized that higher education institutions often fall short of making a real impact in their home communities. Therefore, a conference was convened to examine the current and evolving role of higher education institutions, particularly those operating within the context of coalitions, consortia and state systems, to catalyze change on issues affecting communities and society as a whole. Specifically, the focus of the conference was to develop and strengthen an understanding of how higher education might work more effectively with communities and we believe that consortia or collaboratives of higher education institutions, along with community partners, can learn from one another. Cooperation between efforts is important. The papers offered in this monograph are the result of the Wingspread Conference on Higher Education Collaboratives for Community Engagement and Improvement, conducted on October 27-29, 2004, in Racine, Wisconsin. The conference, the second of a three-part series, was sponsored by the National Forum on Higher Education for the Public Good at the University of Michigan School of Education, the Johnson Foundation, Atlantic Philanthropies, and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. The first conference in the series held in October 2003 and titled Public Understanding, Public Support and Public Policy focused on higher education’s role in society and the concluding conference will be held in the fall of 2005

Vendo através de transparência reformas educacionais: Iluminando o “local”

Utilizing “assemblage,” a notion associated with Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we explore what discourses of transparency can, and cannot, accomplish in a network of education reform that includes schools, government agencies, and community organizations. Drawing on data collected between July 2011 and March 2013 in an ethnographically-informed case study, we interrogate the ways in which notions of transparency illuminate, and also conceal, information, as well as reveal how they reorder power dynamics and relationships, impacting what it legitimized as reform in a city in Western New York. We problematize the linkages between the political conditions in which mandatory transparency and accountability in schooling become connected to voluntary transparency in local education reform, and we examine the investment made by schools and reform organizations in using transparency as a proxy for meeting accountability demands and establishing education expertise. The findings show that discourses and enactments of transparency can be effective in drawing targeted and repeated attention to select things, such as funding inequities. However, such discourses can also be utilized to obscure other issues, such as persistent disparities in academic achievement by race. When used synonymously with accountability, transparency can, and is, incorrectly positioned as an education solution.Utilizando la noción de “ensamblaje”, una idea asociada con la teoría de actores-red (ANT), exploramos lo que los discursos sobre la transparencia pueden, y no pueden, lograr en una red de reformas educativa que incluyen escuelas, agencias gubernamentales y organizaciones comunitarias. Sobre la base de datos recogidos entre julio de 2011 y marzo de 2013, en un estudio de casos etnográficos, interrogamos las formas en que las nociones de transparencia iluminan, y también ocultan, la información, así como revelan cómo se reordenan las dinámicas de poder y relaciones, impactando lo que se legitima como reforma en una ciudad en el oeste de Nueva York. Problematizamos los vínculos entre condicionamientos políticos que hacen que modelos de transparencia y rendición de cuentas obligatorios se conecten con modelos de transparencia voluntaria en reformas educativas locales. También examinamos las inversiones realizadas por las escuelas y las organizaciones de reforma en el uso de transparencia como un proxy para satisfacer las demandas de rendición de cuentas y el establecimiento de competencia educativa. Los resultados muestran que los discursos y las representaciones sobre transparencia pueden ser eficaces en focalizar la atención específicamente y repetidamente para seleccionar factores, tales como desigualdades de financiamiento. Sin embargo, este tipo de discursos se pueden utilizar también para ocultar otros problemas, tales como las disparidades persistentes en logros académicos por raza. La transparencia cuando se usa como sinónimo de rendición de cuentas, puede ser y es, colocada incorrectamente como una solución a los problemas educativos.Usando a noção de “montagem”, uma idéia associada com a teoria do ator-rede (ANT), nós exploramos o que os discursos sobre a transparência podem e não podem realizar em uma rede de reformas educacionais que incluem escolas, agências organizações governamentais e comunitárias. Com base em dados coletados entre julho de 2011 e março de 2013, em um estudo de casos etnográficamente, estamos interrogando as formas que iluminam os conceitos de transparência e também esconder a informação, e revelam como dinâmica reordenadas poder e relações, impactando o que é legitimada como a reforma em uma cidade em New York ocidental. Nós problematizar as relações entre as condições políticas que tornam os modelos de transparência e prestação de contas de contas obrigatórias para se conectar com os modelos de transparência voluntária em reformas educacionais locais. Também examinamos os investimentos feitos por escolas e organizações de reforma no uso de transparência como um proxy para atender às exigências de prestação de contas e o estabelecimento de uma concorrência educacional. Os resultados mostram que os discursos e representações sobre a transparência pode ser eficaz na focalização da atenção específica e repetidamente para selecionar fatores, tais como as desigualdades de financiamento. No entanto, esses discursos também pode ser usado para esconder outros problemas, tais como as disparidades persistentes no desempenho escolar por corrida. Transparência quando usado como sinônimo de prestação de contas, pode ser e está posicionado incorretamente como uma solução para os problemas educacionais

The Future of the Public University in America: Beyond the Crossroads, 2002

Written by James J. Duderstadt and Farris W. Womack, this book explores the state of public univerisities, the challenges they face, and future strategies to strenghten public higher education.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120419/2/0005.ziphttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120419/3/2002 Beyond the Crossroads_bhl-0c55453c.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120419/4/2002 Beyond the Crossroads.pd