2,767 research outputs found
Cardiac cell modelling: Observations from the heart of the cardiac physiome project
In this manuscript we review the state of cardiac cell modelling in the context of international initiatives such as the IUPS Physiome and Virtual Physiological Human Projects, which aim to integrate computational models across scales and physics. In particular we focus on the relationship between experimental data and model parameterisation across a range of model types and cellular physiological systems. Finally, in the context of parameter identification and model reuse within the Cardiac Physiome, we suggest some future priority areas for this field
Emergence of Mechanical Oscillations from Stochastic Simulations of a Discrete Chemical Thermodynamic Model of Force Generation
This dissertation provides a thermodynamic framework, to investigate collective behaviors and emergent mechanisms of muscle contraction. It emphasizes the need for a chemical thermodynamic approach to properly characterize muscle mechanics by presenting facts and historical context to show the inadequacies of the molecular mechanics’ approach. A simple and comprehensive model is proposed to explain experimental findings that conventional models of muscle contraction are unable to explain by integrating quantifiable features backed by studies. This study extends our understanding of ensemble muscle function and addresses important issues in the field of muscle research by integrating theory, experimentation, and computer simulations
Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility
The present article is an invited contribution to the Encyclopedia of
Complexity and System Science, Robert A. Meyers Ed., Springer New York (2009).
It is a review of the biophysical mechanisms that underly cell motility. It
mainly focuses on the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and cell-motility mechanisms.
Bacterial motility as well as the composition of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton
is only briefly mentioned. The article is organized as follows. In Section III,
I first present an overview of the diversity of cellular motility mechanisms,
which might at first glance be categorized into two different types of
behaviors, namely "swimming" and "crawling". Intracellular transport, mitosis -
or cell division - as well as other extensions of cell motility that rely on
the same essential machinery are briefly sketched. In Section IV, I introduce
the molecular machinery that underlies cell motility - the cytoskeleton - as
well as its interactions with the external environment of the cell and its main
regulatory pathways. Sections IV D to IV F are more detailed in their
biochemical presentations; readers primarily interested in the theoretical
modeling of cell motility might want to skip these sections in a first reading.
I then describe the motility mechanisms that rely essentially on
polymerization-depolymerization dynamics of cytoskeleton filaments in Section
V, and the ones that rely essentially on the activity of motor proteins in
Section VI. Finally, Section VII is devoted to the description of the
integrated approaches that have been developed recently to try to understand
the cooperative phenomena that underly self-organization of the cell
cytoskeleton as a whole.Comment: 31 pages, 16 figures, 295 reference
Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 336)
This bibliography lists 111 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during April 1990. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, and flight crew behavior and performance
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