Theory and Practice of Data Citation

Citations are the cornerstone of knowledge propagation and the primary means of assessing the quality of research, as well as directing investments in science. Science is increasingly becoming "data-intensive", where large volumes of data are collected and analyzed to discover complex patterns through simulations and experiments, and most scientific reference works have been replaced by online curated datasets. Yet, given a dataset, there is no quantitative, consistent and established way of knowing how it has been used over time, who contributed to its curation, what results have been yielded or what value it has. The development of a theory and practice of data citation is fundamental for considering data as first-class research objects with the same relevance and centrality of traditional scientific products. Many works in recent years have discussed data citation from different viewpoints: illustrating why data citation is needed, defining the principles and outlining recommendations for data citation systems, and providing computational methods for addressing specific issues of data citation. The current panorama is many-faceted and an overall view that brings together diverse aspects of this topic is still missing. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the lay of the land for data citation, both from the theoretical (the why and what) and the practical (the how) angle.Comment: 24 pages, 2 tables, pre-print accepted in Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 201

Integrating Research Data Management into Geographical Information Systems

Ocean modelling requires the production of high-fidelity computational meshes upon which to solve the equations of motion. The production of such meshes by hand is often infeasible, considering the complexity of the bathymetry and coastlines. The use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is therefore a key component to discretising the region of interest and producing a mesh appropriate to resolve the dynamics. However, all data associated with the production of a mesh must be provided in order to contribute to the overall recomputability of the subsequent simulation. This work presents the integration of research data management in QMesh, a tool for generating meshes using GIS. The tool uses the PyRDM library to provide a quick and easy way for scientists to publish meshes, and all data required to regenerate them, to persistent online repositories. These repositories are assigned unique identifiers to enable proper citation of the meshes in journal articles.Comment: Accepted, camera-ready version. To appear in the Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Digital Archives (http://sda2015.dke-research.de/), held in Pozna\'n, Poland on 18 September 2015 as part of the 19th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (http://tpdl2015.info/

The use of citations in educational research: the instance of the concept of 'situated learning'

The paper provides a citation analysis of Lave and Wenger's work on communities of practice' and 'situated learning' over the period 1991-2001. The data relates to educational research in the UK, although comparisons are made with the USA. The findings indicate that although the text was incorporated and heavily used within educational research over the priod of the study there were very few citations that could be identified as cumulative. The discussion looks at whether this could be another instance of the failure of educational research and explores the role of theory in professional educatio

Three Decades of Communities of Practice Conceptualization: Revisiting the foundations of Lave and Wenger\u27s constructs and their impact on contemporary learning theory

This article aims to identify the key authors and the theoretical foundations’ delineation of Lave and Wenger’s concept of Communities of Practice (CoPs) and its relationship with the learning theory. This exploratory and descriptive study applied a qualitative approach and bibliographic research based on Lave and Wenger’s (1991) publication “Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation”. All 48 references indicated in their research and the perceived relevance the authors have in academia. Data analysis was conducted using bibliometric and content analysis techniques with the aid of the NVivo software. The results showed the relevance of the key authors to the academy based on their number of publications, citation analysis, h-index, fields of study and contributions to those fields. We also identified that the concept of Communities of Practice is interdisciplinarity amongst anthropology, sociology, and psychology

Towards Bridging IS and Sustainability Transitions Research Communities? – Bibliometric Mapping of IS Beyond GreenIT

This paper explores how to bridge the field of IS on sustainability with Sustainability Transitions Research (STR). Using a bibliometric analysis of 5 IS conference proceedings, We map possibilities for such bridging, moving beyond the current approaches of GreenIT. Semantic content analysis of IS abstracts and keywords indicates themes characterizing GreenIT, focusing mostly on sustainability practice on the organizational level. In contrast, sustainability research (systems-level) is still uncharted territory for the IS community. Social network analysis of the authors and journals shows that collaboration and co-citation within the IS community are as low as the connection without . We propose that more diffusion of IS theory and methods through Design Science may enrich current STR to be truly data-driven and theory-guided. First, the mapping suggests that IS theorizing can augment STR to be more generalizable for the digital era. Second, the thematic patterns suggest that Design Science methods and artifacts can augment the design of large-size STR studies bringing a more robust and data-driven theory-guided analysis of systemic innovation and transitions actor networks

Ultrametric Component Analysis with Application to Analysis of Text and of Emotion

We review the theory and practice of determining what parts of a data set are ultrametric. It is assumed that the data set, to begin with, is endowed with a metric, and we include discussion of how this can be brought about if a dissimilarity, only, holds. The basis for part of the metric-endowed data set being ultrametric is to consider triplets of the observables (vectors). We develop a novel consensus of hierarchical clusterings. We do this in order to have a framework (including visualization and supporting interpretation) for the parts of the data that are determined to be ultrametric. Furthermore a major objective is to determine locally ultrametric relationships as opposed to non-local ultrametric relationships. As part of this work, we also study a particular property of our ultrametricity coefficient, namely, it being a function of the difference of angles of the base angles of the isosceles triangle. This work is completed by a review of related work, on consensus hierarchies, and of a major new application, namely quantifying and interpreting the emotional content of narrative.Comment: 49 pages, 15 figures, 52 citation

The mf-index: A Citation-Based Multiple Factor Index to Evaluate and Compare the Output of Scientists

Comparing the output of scientists as objective as possible is an important factor for, e.g., the approval of research funds or the filling of open positions at universities. Numeric indices, which express the scientific output in the form of a concrete value, may not completely supersede an overall view of a researcher, but provide helpful indications for the assessment. This work introduces the most important citation-based indices, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages and provides an overview of the aspects considered by them. On this basis, we identify the criteria that an advanced index should fulfill, and develop a new index, the mf-index. The objective of the mf-index is to combine the benefits of the existing indices, while avoiding as far as possible their drawbacks and to consider additional aspects. Finally, an evaluation based on data of real publications and citations compares the mf-index with existing indices and verifies that its advantages in theory can also be determined in practice

Bibliometric Mapping of LIS Research in India: A Study Seen Through the Mirror of Indian Citation Index

Purpose: Library and Information Science subject is exceedingly pragmatic in nature in India more than a century old, which is one of the most knowledge-producing and knowledge utilizing area and is associated with many of the tool subjects like computer science, statistics, management science, etc. Since the subject has a very practical base therefore, both the theory and practice should go side by side. As a knowledge fabricating domain, a lot of researchers, professionals, academicians, etc. are profoundly involved in the research. This research work briefly traces the Library and Information Science research stemming from India in the 21st century based on the data as depicted in Indian Citation Index (ICI) during the year 2006 – 2015 which will help the LIS professionals to get aware of the latest and emerging issues in this field. Methodology: A whole of 2,483 bibliographic data set have been retrieved in CSV format from one of India’s national-level citation database i.e. Indian Citation Index (ICI) from 2006 to 2015. Methodologically bibliometric tools and techniques have been taken up and descriptive statistics methods were employed. The study also uses fractional counting method. Findings: Among the contributors, 2,460 sole Indian LIS researchers have contributed 2,483 research papers in seven diverse categories and amongst them, 90.61% (2250) are research articles followed by case study (96). The year 2015 has been achieved the most productive year by publishing 16.63 % literature. SRELS, DJLIT, PEARL, IJILS, IASLIC Bulletin, Library Herald and ALIS are the most preferred journals to the LIS professionals for publishing their research works. Most of the works of the researchers have been categorized into 57 micro areas. Out of them, Bibliometrics (14%) is the most significant area for the research fraternity. Other emerging areas of research are the following- User studies, Information technology, digital libraries, library consortia, library automation, etc. Many of the literatures have been published in closed access in comparison to the open-access platform. The study showcases the collaborative research is leading in this field. Originality/Value: The bibliometric work on the quantitative analysis of Indian LIS literature published in Indian journals during the time span of 2006 – 2015 is the first of its kind

Bibliometric Mapping of LIS Research in India: A Study Seen Through the Mirror of Indian Citation Index

Purpose: Library and Information Science subject is exceedingly pragmatic in nature in India more than a century old, which is one of the most knowledge-producing and knowledge utilizing area and is associated with many of the tool subjects like computer science, statistics, management science, etc. Since the subject has a very practical base therefore, both the theory and practice should go side by side. As a knowledge fabricating domain, a lot of researchers, professionals, academicians, etc. are profoundly involved in the research. This research work briefly traces the Library and Information Science research stemming from India in the 21st century based on the data as depicted in Indian Citation Index (ICI) during the year 2006 – 2015 which will help the LIS professionals to get aware of the latest and emerging issues in this field. Methodology: A whole of 2,483 bibliographic data set have been retrieved in CSV format from one of India’s national-level citation database i.e. Indian Citation Index (ICI) from 2006 to 2015. Methodologically bibliometric tools and techniques have been taken up and descriptive statistics methods were employed. The study also uses fractional counting method. Findings: Among the contributors, 2,460 sole Indian LIS researchers have contributed 2,483 research papers in seven diverse categories and amongst them, 90.61% (2250) are research articles followed by case study (96). The year 2015 has been achieved the most productive year by publishing 16.63 % literature. SRELS, DJLIT, PEARL, IJILS, IASLIC Bulletin, Library Herald and ALIS are the most preferred journals to the LIS professionals for publishing their research works. Most of the works of the researchers have been categorized into 57 micro areas. Out of them, Bibliometrics (14%) is the most significant area for the research fraternity. Other emerging areas of research are the following- User studies, Information technology, digital libraries, library consortia, library automation, etc. Many of the literatures have been published in closed access in comparison to the open-access platform. The study showcases the collaborative research is leading in this field. Originality/Value: The bibliometric work on the quantitative analysis of Indian LIS literature published in Indian journals during the time span of 2006 – 2015 is the first of its kind