Measuring interaction: An empirical comparison of three OLS regression models

The capacity to correctly assess the existence of interaction is a high-value modeling capability among researchers of information systems (IS), especially those focusing on behavioural paradigm studies. Interaction is a notable aspect for the major theoretical frameworks of the IS field, particularly the adoption theories. Allowing for crossover effects in the Theory of Planned Behaviour resulted in improvements in model prediction (Taylor & Todd, 1995b). This study presents the trimmed model, which does not permit crossover effect relations among variables. In complex models, as mentioned by Pedhazur (1997), one variable may affect another variable indirectly through multiple paths. According to him, it stands to reason that indirect effects, through certain paths, may be more meaningful and/or stronger than others. The findings of this quantitative study lead one to conclude that crossover effect models are more capable of showing the interaction among models’ variables, as well as explaining the highest percentage of variation for a single dependent variable, in comparison to the full and trimmed model

Mobile banking applications: Consumer behaviour, acceptance and adoption strategies in Johannesburg, South Africa (RSA)

There has been a complete disparity in the number of cell phone subscribers when compared to fixed line users in South Africa (referred to as Republic of RSA or RSA). In 2011, results revealed that 29 million South Africans use mobile phones compared to only 5 million using fixed lines (Brown, Cajee, Davies, & Stroebel,2003; Lascaris,2012). It is because of this increased and saturated mobile market that we have seen the extreme growth of mobile applications. This increase is coupled with several benefits that mobile applications bring to the consumer, such as increased functionality, productivity improvements and entertainment (Pranata, Athauda, & Skinner, 2013). Although adoption strategies around internet banking and cell phone banking have been explored in various parts of the world, adoption strategies specifically around mobile banking applications or "mbapps" have not been vastly researched (Jaruwachirathanakul & Fink, 2005). As such, this study focused on examining consumer behaviour and acceptance towards adopting mbapps in Johannesburg RSA, where mbapps are in an emerging phase, but offer potential benefits to both consumers and industry at large. A quantitative research methodology was used for this research. Self-administered quantitative questionnaires were distributed at the University of Witwatersrand as well as to individuals within the Johannesburg area aged between 18 and 60 years. A pilot study of 30 respondents was conducted to ensure validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Following this, the research was then conducted to a sample size of 373 respondents. Due to time constraints, this study made use of convenience sampling. Data collected from the questionnaires was analysed using statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between the variables used in the research model, this being a modified version of the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour model – The decomposed TPB model is successful in predicting and explaining human behaviour across various platforms and breaking outcomes down into specific dimensions. In addition, the decomposed TPB model is most suitable for steering decision makers towards the implementation of innovations. The decomposed TPB model will provide insight into understanding consumers’individual attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, which ultimately influences the likelihood of consumers using mbapps. From the findings, it can be concluded that the results of this study support the proposed conceptual model. The findings of this research, which was focused towards, Attitude, Perceived Behavioural Control and Subjective Norms do have a significant relationship on the intention to adopt mbapps. In terms of the hypotheses set and tested, all resulted as postulated. In conclusion to this study the contribution of this research provides the banking industry, marketers and academics with the factors that encourage consumers to adopt mbapps and to utilise the research to exploit the conversion rate of customers towards adopting mbapps. Lastly this study adds value to not only the RSA market but potentially to other developing and developed countries through the recommendations made in chapter 5. Decision makers are advised to take heed of the proposed strategies in maximising the rate of mbapps adoptionKIM201

Factors Influencing Consumers' Acceptance of Mobile Marketing Services

The research of mobile marketing services is still at the early stage and the reason to explain the acceptance as well as the understanding of the actual usage level of mobile marketing services still remains unclear. To investigate this issue, this study has examined the acceptance of mobile marketing services by measuring the consumer's intention and actual usage of mobile marketing services. Grounded by the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB), this study proposes a framework by decomposing attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and perceived risk. A total of 334 full-time university students from four public universities in the Northern Region, Malaysia have participated in this study. Data for all the study variables have been collected through self-administered survey questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is the main statistical technique used in this study. The study has shown that the level of the actual usage is at the lower level. The study also reveals that all the main beliefs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and perceived risk) are found to have significant effect on consumer‟s intention to use mobile marketing services. With regard to antecedents‟ effect on the main beliefs, there are only four factors which are found insignificant namely perceived ease of use, personal innovativeness, media and technology facilitating condition. Whereas, another ten antecedent factors significantly influence the main beliefs. Overall, the results indicate that the model provides a good understanding of the factors that influence intention to use and the actual usage of mobile marketing services. As predicted, decomposition of the main beliefs provides more specific factors that influence the behaviour. Based on the findings, the theoretical and practical implications of the study as well as limitations and suggestions for future studies are also discussed

Factors affecting online banking adoption based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)

Internet revolutions have brought a huge impact on banking industry. It had also created a novel way for handling banking transactions via online banking channel. There was approximately 23.6% increase in online banking subscribers in Malaysia since 2005 to 2010. However, past literature reviews claimed that online banking was not favorable in Malaysia. Hence, this study attempts to examine the factors that affecting the intention to adopt online banking based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Other than the four constructs from UTAUT, one additional construct has been added into this model for the purpose of this study. The five determinants were performance expectancy, efforts expectance, facilitating conditions, social influence and personal innovativeness in IT were examined in this study. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among UTM students, where respondents were randomly selected. Principle component analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were used to test the validity and reliability of the measurement scale. Pearson correlation was employed to examine the relationships between variables, and multiple regressions were used to test the hypothesis of this study. Regression model in this study found that 48.5% of the variance had been significantly explained by the predictors. As a conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that all the factors except facilitating conditions are significantly affecting the intention to adopt online bankin

Determinants of social and institutional beliefs about internet acceptance within developing country’s context: A structural evaluation of higher education systems in Pakistan

This study aims to extend a model of technology acceptance to suit in developing country’s context. The model attempts to identify relationship between social and institutional factors over behavioural intention and usage. Recently, ‘acceptance and adoption of information technology (IT) in multicultural setting’ is becoming topic of interest for IS researchers. In this line, numerous theories and models are proposed to contribute in examining factors of IT acceptance and reluctance. It is argued that the models in published literature are found culturally biased, which successfully present results in only American and European context, however, their validity became questionable when they were tested in south Asian countries context. Additionally, lack of research is observed to predict individual’s cognitive behaviour of acceptance, which are influenced by social factors (i.e. peer influence and superior influence, voluntariness, experience) and institutional factors (i.e. local institutional management influence and top-level governmental policies influence). This study used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) method to analyse the data. The results reveal that the proposed conceptual model achieves acceptable fit and the hypothesised paths are valid

Adoption of Information and Communication Technology in Teaching and Learning Environment in Jordanian Higher Education

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays an important role in modern institutions by facilitating and improving the teaching and learning process to be in line with the information technology age. Jordan, as one of the developing countries, highly values the importance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and their role in achieving an economic prosperity through the development of human resources. Unfortunately, the adoption and usage of ICT in teaching and learning process is quite low among the academic staff in the public HEIs in Jordan. The main purpose of this study is to examine the potential prominent factors related to the adoption and usage of ICT in Jordanian HEIs among the academicians. The study provides an understanding on the ICT usage by applying the Diffusion of Innovation theory, Theory of Planned Behavior and the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior. A self-administered survey was conducted on 500 academic staff selected from public HEIs in Jordan. A total of 415 participants (83%) responded to the questionnaires. The findings showed that subjective norms, attitude towards technology, and perceived behavioral control positively affected the behavioral intention to use ICT in HEIs among academicians. The study provides recommendations to the higher education leaders and policy makers towards promoting a successful adoption and diffusion of technologies in the future. Besides, it offers a clear description about the adoption in the field of educational technologies in the context of developing countries and the Arab world in particular

Consumers' intention to use e-money mobile using the decomposed theory of planned behavior

The purpose of this study is to understand consumers’ behavior on their intention to use e-money mobile.The study of the intention to use e-money mobile is still at the early stage in payment transaction. The e-money mobile is a new product for payment transaction that look for massive, micro, and quick means for transaction. The model that integrates in this study is the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB). In particular, it is simultaneously assesses the determinants of consumers’ intention to use e-money mobile in Indonesia which examines twelve (12) variables. The variables are attitude, awareness, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, perceived risk, perceived security, relative advantage, complexity, social-cultural influence, family, self-confidence, and resources facilitating conditions. Based on a sample of one thousand and three hundred (1300) respondents was selected using mall-intercept method with technique sampling multistage cluster sampling and systematic random sampling in Padang, Indonesia. The Partial Least Squares Method (PLS) series PLS 2.0 M3 for algorithm and bootstrap techniques and SPSS 18 was used to test the hypothesis that has been developed. Results show that all variables had significant positive influence on the intention to use e-money mobile excluded the awareness. The awareness has positive influence but not significant on the intention to use e-money mobile. This study contributes to improve the specific theory of DTPB that generally limited to e-Commerce, e-Banking, and others social networking. The findings give more information to the issuers about the characteristic consumers and add new knowledge for academics, practioners, bank, assurance companies, airline companies and the health sector

Factors influencing the acceptance of mobile banking services among students of higher education at Klang Valley in Malaysia

The mobile banking in Malaysia is still in its infancy stage and the reason to explain the acceptance as well as the understanding of the actual usage level of mobile banking services still remains unclear. Various models have been developed and proposed to increase the understanding of this issue. The proposed model of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour was empirically evaluated by decomposing the attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norm, perceived risk and perceived trust. The decomposition approach adopted by models provide a detailed set of antecedents that could better explain the intention to adopt mobile banking. Data was collected through self administered survey questionnaire from 302 full time students in local public universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Structural Equation Modeling is the main statistical technique applied in this study. This study revealed that actual use of mobile banking recorded low level of usage. In particular, the study found that the attitude, perceived behavioural control and perceived trust are found to have a significant effect on the students‘ intention to use mobile banking except for subjective norm and perceived risk which were partially supported. However, on the antecedent effect of the main belief, the perceived ease of use and perceived security was found to have insignificant result. Overall, the result signifies that the model support a good understanding of the factors that influence the intention to use and actual usage of mobile banking. As expected, the main belief provides more decomposition of the specific factors that influence behaviour. Finally, limitations of the research and recommendations for future research are presented

Adoption of biometric technology in online applications

Peningkatan populariti aplikasi Internet telah mewujudkan pelbagai perkhidmatan seperti perbankan Internet, pembelian tiket kapal terbang melalui Internet dan pengisian cukai pendapatan melalui Internet untuk memberikan kemudahan and perkhidmatan yang lebih baik kepada pelanggan-pelanggan. The growing popularity of online applications has led to various service offerings like Internet banking, online airline ticket purchase and online income tax filing to provide convenience and better service to customers