47,731 research outputs found

    Veebi otsingumootorid ja vajadus keeruka informatsiooni jÀrele

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    VĂ€itekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Veebi otsingumootorid on muutunud pĂ”hiliseks teabe hankimise vahenditeks internetist. Koos otsingumootorite kasvava populaarsusega on nende kasutusala kasvanud lihtsailt pĂ€ringuilt vajaduseni kĂŒllaltki keeruka informatsiooni otsingu jĂ€rele. Samas on ka akadeemiline huvi otsingu vastu hakanud liikuma lihtpĂ€ringute analĂŒĂŒsilt mĂ€rksa keerukamate tegevuste suunas, mis hĂ”lmavad ka pikemaid ajaraame. Praegused otsinguvahendid ei toeta selliseid tegevusi niivĂ”rd hĂ€sti nagu lihtpĂ€ringute juhtu. Eriti kehtib see toe osas koondada mitme pĂ€ringu tulemusi kokku sĂŒnteesides erinevate lihtotsingute tulemusi ĂŒhte uude dokumenti. Selline lĂ€henemine on alles algfaasis ja ning motiveerib uurijaid arendama vastavaid vahendeid toetamaks taolisi informatsiooniotsingu ĂŒlesandeid. KĂ€esolevas dissertatsioonis esitatakse rida uurimistulemusi eesmĂ€rgiga muuta keeruliste otsingute tuge paremaks kasutades tĂ€napĂ€evaseid otsingumootoreid. AlameesmĂ€rkideks olid: (a) arendada vĂ€lja keeruliste otsingute mudel, (b) mÔÔdikute loomine kompleksotsingute mudelile, (c) eristada kompleksotsingu ĂŒlesandeid lihtotsingutest ning teha kindlaks, kas neid on vĂ”imalik mÔÔta leides ĂŒhtlasi lihtsaid mÔÔdikuid kirjeldamaks nende keerukust, (d) analĂŒĂŒsida, kui erinevalt kasutajad kĂ€ituvad sooritades keerukaid otsinguĂŒlesandeid kasutades veebi otsingumootoreid, (e) uurida korrelatsiooni inimeste tava-veebikasutustavade ja nende otsingutulemuslikkuse vahel, (f) kuidas inimestel lĂ€heb eelhinnates otsinguĂŒlesande raskusastet ja vajaminevat jĂ”upingutust ning (g) milline on soo ja vanuse mĂ”ju otsingu tulemuslikkusele. Keeruka veebiotsingu ĂŒlesanded jaotatakse edukalt kolmeastmeliseks protsessiks. Esitatakse sellise protsessi mudel; seda protsessi on ĂŒhtlasi vĂ”imalik ka mÔÔta. Edasi nĂ€idatakse kompleksotsingu loomupĂ€raseid omadusi, mis teevad selle eristatavaks lihtsamatest juhtudest ning nĂ€idatakse Ă€ra katsemeetod sooritamaks kompleksotsingu kasutaja-uuringuid. Demonstreeritakse pĂ”hilisi samme raamistiku “Search-Logger” (eelmainitud metodoloogia tehnilise teostuse) rakendamisel kasutaja-uuringutes. Esitatakse sellisel viisil teostatud uuringute tulemused. LĂ”puks esitatakse ATMS meetodi realisatsioon ja rakendamine parandamaks kompleksotsingu vajaduste tuge kaasaegsetes otsingumootorites.Search engines have become the means for searching information on the Internet. Along with the increasing popularity of these search tools, the areas of their application have grown from simple look-up to rather complex information needs. Also the academic interest in search has started to shift from analyzing simple query and response patterns to examining more sophisticated activities covering longer time spans. Current search tools do not support those activities as well as they do in the case of simple look-up tasks. Especially the support for aggregating search results from multiple search-queries, taking into account discoveries made and synthesizing them into a newly compiled document is only at the beginning and motivates researchers to develop new tools for supporting those information seeking tasks. In this dissertation I present the results of empirical research with the focus on evaluating search engines and developing a theoretical model of the complex search process that can be used to better support this special kind of search with existing search tools. It is not the goal of the thesis to implement a new search technology. Therefore performance benchmarks against established systems such as question answering systems are not part of this thesis. I present a model that decomposes complex Web search tasks into a measurable, three-step process. I show the innate characteristics of complex search tasks that make them distinguishable from their less complex counterparts and showcase an experimentation method to carry out complex search related user studies. I demonstrate the main steps taken during the development and implementation of the Search-Logger study framework (the technical manifestation of the aforementioned method) to carry our search user studies. I present the results of user studies carried out with this approach. Finally I present development and application of the ATMS (awareness-task-monitor-share) model to improve the support for complex search needs in current Web search engines

    Spoken content retrieval: A survey of techniques and technologies

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    Speech media, that is, digital audio and video containing spoken content, has blossomed in recent years. Large collections are accruing on the Internet as well as in private and enterprise settings. This growth has motivated extensive research on techniques and technologies that facilitate reliable indexing and retrieval. Spoken content retrieval (SCR) requires the combination of audio and speech processing technologies with methods from information retrieval (IR). SCR research initially investigated planned speech structured in document-like units, but has subsequently shifted focus to more informal spoken content produced spontaneously, outside of the studio and in conversational settings. This survey provides an overview of the field of SCR encompassing component technologies, the relationship of SCR to text IR and automatic speech recognition and user interaction issues. It is aimed at researchers with backgrounds in speech technology or IR who are seeking deeper insight on how these fields are integrated to support research and development, thus addressing the core challenges of SCR

    CHORUS Deliverable 2.2: Second report - identification of multi-disciplinary key issues for gap analysis toward EU multimedia search engines roadmap

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    After addressing the state-of-the-art during the first year of Chorus and establishing the existing landscape in multimedia search engines, we have identified and analyzed gaps within European research effort during our second year. In this period we focused on three directions, notably technological issues, user-centred issues and use-cases and socio- economic and legal aspects. These were assessed by two central studies: firstly, a concerted vision of functional breakdown of generic multimedia search engine, and secondly, a representative use-cases descriptions with the related discussion on requirement for technological challenges. Both studies have been carried out in cooperation and consultation with the community at large through EC concertation meetings (multimedia search engines cluster), several meetings with our Think-Tank, presentations in international conferences, and surveys addressed to EU projects coordinators as well as National initiatives coordinators. Based on the obtained feedback we identified two types of gaps, namely core technological gaps that involve research challenges, and “enablers”, which are not necessarily technical research challenges, but have impact on innovation progress. New socio-economic trends are presented as well as emerging legal challenges
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