29,638 research outputs found
The Last Scientific Revolution
Critically growing problems of fundamental science organisation and content are analysed with examples from physics and emerging interdisciplinary fields. Their origin is specified and new science structure (organisation and content) is proposed as a unified solution
Cycles in the Multiverse
Eternal inflation is a seemingly generic consequence of theories that give
rise to accelerated expansion of the universe and possess multiple vacuum
states. Making predictions in an eternally inflating universe is notoriously
difficult because one must compare infinite quantities, and a wide variety of
regulating procedures yield radically different results. This is the measure
problem of eternal inflation. In this paper, we analyze models of eternal
inflation which allow for the possibility of cyclic bubble universes: in each
bubble, standard cosmological evolution is re-played over and over again.
Eternal inflation can generically arise in cyclic models that include a dark
energy dominated phase. In such models, several problematic consequences of
standard regulating procedures, such as the youngness and Boltzmann Brain
problems, are substantially alleviated. We discuss the implications for making
predictions in cyclic models, as well as some general implications for
understanding the measure problem in eternal inflation.Comment: 22 pages and 8 figure
Pluralism, the Lucas critique, and the integration of macro and micro
Mainstream macroeconomics has pursued .micro founded.models based on the explicit optimization by representative agents. The result has been a long and wasteful detour. But elements of the Lucas critique are relevant, also for heterodox economists. Challenging common heterodox views on microeconomics and formalization, this paper argues that (i) economic models should not be based purely on empirically observed regularities,(ii) heterodox economists must be able to tell an integrated story about goal-oriented micro behavior in a specific macro environment, and (iii)relatively simple analytical models have an essential role to play. JEL Categories: E1; B5micro foundations, pluralism, old Keynesian theory, Kaleckian investment function.
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James and Whitehead: Assemblage and Systematization of a Deeply Empiricist Mosaic Philosophy
This paper contributes to a growing body of philosophical and psychological work that draws parallels between the writings of William James and Alfred North Whitehead. In Part One I introduce Whiteheadâs distinction between assemblage and systematization (section 1) and suggest that Whiteheadâs philosophy was in part a systematization of Jamesâ psychological and philosophical assemblage (section 2). The systematization is based on a rethinking of the entity/function contrast (section 3) by way of Whiteheadâs concept of the actual entity/occasion (section 4). This permits a process-oriented ontological extension and Jamesâ notion of pure experience (sections 5 & 6), which yields a deepened version of radical empiricism (section 7). The four sections of Part Two build a more specific argument that Jamesâ often implicit distinctions between energetic, perceptual, conceptual and discursive modes of experience can be systematized by way of Whiteheadâs concepts of causal efficacy, presentational immediacy and symbolic reference. Following the suggestion of Magritteâs famous Ceci nâest pas une Pipe artwork, this yields an analysis of the sum of human experience into four progressively integrated factors: power, image, proposition and enunciation
Unreduced Dynamic Complexity: Towards the Unified Science of Intelligent Communication Networks and Software
Operation of autonomic communication networks with complicated user-oriented functions should be described as unreduced many-body interaction process. The latter gives rise to complex-dynamic behaviour including fractally structured hierarchy of chaotically changing realisations. We recall the main results of the universal science of complexity (http://cogprints.org/4471/) based on the unreduced interaction problem solution and its application to various real systems, from nanobiosystems (http://cogprints.org/4527/) and quantum devices to intelligent networks (http://cogprints.org/4114/) and emerging consciousness (http://cogprints.org/3857/). We concentrate then on applications to autonomic communication leading to fundamentally substantiated, exact science of intelligent communication and software. It aims at unification of the whole diversity of complex information system behaviour, similar to the conventional, "Newtonian" science order for sequential, regular models of system dynamics. Basic principles and first applications of the unified science of complex-dynamic communication networks and software are outlined to demonstrate its advantages and emerging practical perspectives
Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments
instrumental variables, natural experiment
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