The haunted paddock: exploring the roots of an ambiguous urban green space

Research on public access to urban green space tends to focus upon access-takers’ motives and meaning-making. The motives and meaning-making of the owners and managers who control such spaces are rarely examined. To address this deficit this article presents a longitudinal case study examining how an owner's ambivalent stance over public access to his public house’s exterior 'beer garden' area arose from its (and his) habitus. The case study shows how the owner came to unwittingly present this as an uninviting and ambiguous urban green space by inheriting and perpetuating a preexisting, habitual encoding of territoriality at his struggling, city-fringe commercial premises. In interpreting this ambivalence, the article examines the influence of both local and wider structural factors showing how both material traces of prior ordering and the owner’s pragmatic understandings of liability and risk shaped this place, and made it simultaneously appear both open and closed to public access

Evaluation of Systems and Procedures for Affixing Paid Stamp Duty Markings with Printing Technology in 2020 (Case Study at the Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Wajib Pajak Besar Empat)

The system and procedure for affixing the Paid Stamp Duty mark using printing technology has so far been less effective. From the reporting method, it is not possible to know with certainty the number of banking documents that have been printed and affixed with the sign of Paid Stamp Duty by the printing company. This is due to the absence of a system that bridges the reporting of the issuance of banking documents printing permits. The tax account code and Deposit Type Code (KAP-KJS) 41161-100 for the deposit of Stamp Duty contain all Stamp Duty payments, both using printing technology and computerized systems, including companies that are not banking institutions. This study aims to evaluate the system and procedure for affixing the stamp duty mark in full with printing technology at the Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Wajib Pajak Besar Empat, the obstacles faced and the efforts made. This research approach uses descriptive qualitative with the type of case study research. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews with 10 informants. The results of the study show: 1) Evaluation of the system and procedure for affixing the stamp duty sign in full has been carried out by the Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Wajib Pajak Besar Empat in accordance with the stages that must be passed and the criteria determined by still being guided by the applicable provisions and regulations, 2) Constraints actually exist when implementing systems and procedures that are currently still being carried out which are still manual and require a long and complicated process and make it difficult to supervise, 3) The efforts made are more to provide suggestions so that the results of the evaluation of the system and procedures for affixing customs duties the stamp duty can be taken into consideration in making decisions or policies in order to improve and perfect the systems and procedures that have been implemented so fa

A systematic review of the nature of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies

Background: Dispensing errors are common in hospital pharmacies. Investigating dispensing errors is important for identifying the factors involved and developing strategies to reduce their occurrence. Objectives: To review published studies exploring the incidence and types of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies and factors contributing to these errors. Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2000 and January 2015. Inclusion criteria were: studies published in English, and studies investigating type, incidence and factors contributing to dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies. One researcher searched for all relevant published articles, screened all titles and abstracts, and obtained complete articles. A second researcher assessed the titles, abstracts, and complete articles to verify the reliability of the selected articles. Key findings: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria all of which were conducted in just four countries. Reviewing incident reports and direct observation were the main methods used to investigate dispensing errors. Dispensing error rates varied between countries (0.015%–33.5%) depending on the dispensing system, research method, and classification of dispensing error types. The most frequent dispensing errors reported were dispensing the wrong medicine, dispensing the wrong drug strength, and dispensing the wrong dosage form. The most common factors associated with dispensing errors were: high workload, low staffing, mix-up of look-alike/sound-alike drugs, lack of knowledge/experience, distractions/interruptions, and communication problems within the dispensary team. Conclusion: Studies relating to dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies are few in number and have been conducted in just four countries. The majority of these studies focused on the investigation of dispensing error types with no mention of contributing factors or strategies for reducing dispensing errors. Others studies are thus needed to investigate dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies, and a combined approach is recommended to investigate contributing factors associated with dispensing errors and explore strategies for reducing these errors.Peer reviewe

Authentication of Electronic Records: Limitations of Indian Legal Approach

Paper based documents have inherent authenticity and high evidentiary value for obvious reasons. The documents are permanent record of the contractual relationship of the parties and their contents cannot be so easily altered, modified or changed and even if any change is effected that can be easily detected. This is the reason that the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 excludes oral evidence in presence of documentary evidence. The moot point is that can an electronic record be treated equivalent to paper based record? In other words, can an electronic record have all the properties of the physical document appended with the hand written signature? This is necessitated by the fact that there are different laws in India providing that a contract is not valid unless it is in writing and signed by the parties. An attempt is made in this paper to analyze the provisions prescribing authentication of electronic records in India to demonstrate inherent limitations in them. To overcome these limitations, a new model of authentication is proposed which is based on digital signature combined with time stamping service

Boston University Symphony Orchestra, March 21, 1996

This is the concert program of the Boston University Symphony Orchestra performance on Thursday, March 21, 1996 at 8:00 p.m., at the Tsai Performance Center, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. Works performed were Suite from the opera Khovanshchina by Modest Mussorgsky, Deux Images, Op. 10 by Béla Bartók, and Symphony No. 1 in D by Gustav Mahler. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund

A Study of how Teachers Evaluate Handwriting

It was the purpose of this study to identify the problems teachers encounter as they evaluate handwriting products, to determine how effectively and consistently teachers can evaluate handwriting products, to determine what methods teachers use to evaluate handwriting products and to ascertain the need for a handbook to be used by third grade teachers and students in the evaluation and corrective teaching of cursive handwriting. Special emphasis will be placed upon the consistency of evaluation by the teachers and their attitude toward the teaching of handwriting