Gender impartiality of public institutions, religiosity, and satisfaction with democracy: findings from Turkey

Previous literature demonstrated that gender inequality is a major challenge for democratic consolidation. However, research that studies the effect of gender inequality on citizens' satisfaction with democracy is limited. This study contributes to this literature by exploring the relationship between citizens' perceptions of gender impartiality of public institutions and satisfaction with democracy in Turkey, where gender inequality is an acute problem. Analysis of a nationally representative survey showed that the perception of gender impartiality of public institutions is a major factor explaining citizens' satisfaction with democracy. Results also revealed that perceptions of gender impartiality of public institutions affect citizens' evaluations of the long-term performance of democracy. Another finding is that religiosity moderates the effect of perceptions of gender impartiality of public institutions on citizens' satisfaction with democracy. We conclude that gender inequality is not a peripheral issue to democratic consolidation in Turkey but a social problem that remains at the heart of it

Building coalitions, creating change: an agenda for gender transformative research in development Workshop Report 3-5 October 2012, Penang, Malaysia

There is compelling evidence that increased gender equity can make a significant contribution towards alleviating poverty and increasing food security. But past efforts to integrate gender into agricultural research and development practice have failed to address the inequalities that limit women’s access to agricultural inputs, markets, resources and advice. A Gender Transformative Approach (GTA) goes beyond just considering the symptoms of gender inequality, and addresses the social norms, attitudes, behaviors and social systems that underlie them. The CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) has placed the GTA at the heart of its gender strategy. This workshop was an opportunity for researchers, practitioners and donors working in this area to address the challenge of how to translate this approach into actual research and development practice. The workshop recommended that a GTA should be adopted alongside, not instead of, existing efforts to reverse gender disparities in resources, technologies and markets. It is through this pairing that improved social and material outcomes can be achieved, with the expectation that when achieved together, both types of outcomes will be more lasting than if achieved individually

GENDER IN FIQH PERSPECTIVE

: In contrast to the concept of sex (sex) or nature, Gender only contains the functions and social roles of men and women, which are formed from the environment in which a person resides / lives. Thus, the concept of gender is a trait inherent in men and women who are constructed socially and culturally. Like, women in the heart are gentle, emotional and motherly, while men are known to be strong, rational and mighty. Gender differences have led to injustice, both for men and for women. The manifestation of gender inequality can be seen in the form of marginalization, subordination, stereotyping, violence and workloa

The Millennium Development Goals: Prospects for Gender Equality in the Arab World

This study is an assessment of the Millennium Development Goals in the Arab world with Egypt as a case study. The analysis focuses on access to primary education, gender equality, and women empowerment in the Arab world with special emphasis on Egypt. The study found that most Arab countries are on the right track toward achieving most of the MDGs by 2015. However, discriminatory social norms, laws, and practices are still at the heart of gender inequality in the Arab world, and therefore need to be further incorporated in the MDGs to advance a more egalitarian developmental approach

The relation of gender role attitudes with depression and generalised anxiety disorder in two Russian cities

Background - Reported traditional gender role attitudes (GRAs) have been related to worse mental health in western countries. This study examined the link of GRAs with symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in two Russian cities. Methods - We used interview data from the cross-sectional Know Your Heart Study conducted among 5099 adults aged 35-69 in the Russian cities of Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk between 2015 and 2017. Attitudes about gender inequality and division of labour between women and men at home or in the public sphere were measured by single items. Binary variables indicating presence of symptoms of depression and GAD were defined by a cut-off of ≥ 5 of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine crude and adjusted associations. Results - There was evidence that all types of GRAs were associated with symptoms of depression and GAD consistent with a U-shape after controlling for confounding with stronger evidence for all relationships for depression than for GAD. Odds of depressive symptoms were elevated among participants strongly agreeing to gender inequality and gender division of labour. There was good evidence for effect measure modification by age. Limitations - The possibilities of measurement error of the exposure and outcomes, residual confounding and reverse causality are important limitations of this study. Conclusions - Agreeing to gender inequality and gender division of labour was associated with reporting symptoms of common mental disorders in Russia. This study adds evidence for a link of GRAs with mental health from a non-western context

How U.S. Gender Policy for Post-Taliban Afghanistan Was Shaped

U.S. invaded Afghanistan shortly after the 9/11 terroristic attack of U.S. by Al-Qaeda. Although the U.S. invaded Afghanistan to pursue Osama Bin-Laden, the leader of Al-Qaeda, women’s rights and freedom in Afghanistan were at the heart of the Bush administration agenda of “war on terror”. Through analysis of existing literature and data, this study seeks to discover how U.S. gender policy for post-Taliban Afghanistan was shaped, and what are its pros and cons? My study indicates that political discourses on women’s rights and freedom shaped the U.S. gender policy for post-Taliban Afghanistan however women still suffer from increased inequality and conflict

Psychology: Physiological effects of negative international news on

News depicting conflict in foreign countries is often perceived differently by those living in America, and these differences may also have implications for gender-related news. Foreign and national news is often categorized as ours versus theirs when reporting on or perceiving news (Nossek, 2016). This suggests that if a person classifies news as theirs versus as ours , there could be a discrepancy in the emotional response to the news received based on how an individual decides to subconsciously categorize it. A person may have an emotional response upon seeing negative news, resulting in a physiological state change (Soroka, et al, 2019). There are various physiological changes in response to emotional arousal, such as an increased heart rate. (Sassenrath, et al, 2021). Another physiological measure is skin conductance response, which is an indirect measurement of the autonomic nervous system (Hein, et al, 2010). Previous literature has revealed that physiological differences occurred between male and female participants when exposed to news related to gender discrimination (Quasney, 2009). This study thus focuses on news related to gender inequality and the ways it may elicit a change in physiological markers in female participants. Specifically, the study examines the changes in skin conduction and heart rate of American female college students when viewing news clips from various global regions. The participants watched four news clips reporting about women’s rights issues from four different global regions (Europe, Latin America, West Africa, and the Middle East). The heart rate and skin conductance responses of the participants were taken with BIOPAC monitors (EDAs and pulse plethysmograph) while the participants watched the news clips. Two multifactorial ANOVA tests were utilized to analyze the relationship between the news clips and the ethnicity of each participant with the changes in skin conductance and heart rate. Data collection is ongoing, and results will be presented at the conference

The Right to Science and Gender Inequalities

The right to science was included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 75 years ago. A very influential person in the drafting of the Universal Declaration was a woman, Eleanor Roosevelt. The position of women in the UDHR is, however, rather secondary. The UDHR speaks of all members of the human family, but its text is rather male oriented. Moreover, despite the fact that equality and non-discrimination are at the heart of the UDHR, women still do not enjoy human rights equally with men. The same is true for the right to science.It is uncontested that deep inequalities between women and men persist in the field of education, sciences and research. Women remain underrepresented and/or disadvantaged in access to scientific education and opportunities to have a career in academia. Furthermore, women suffer from lack of access to scientific applications and scientific applications and technologies may be gender biased and not sensitive to the particularities and needs of women.This inequality is persistent, “[…] even in countries with relatively long histories of formal and legal equality”. This implies that more subtle and underlying factors play a role, such as gender stereotypes and biases. How ineradicable is the inequality between women and men in sciences and research and what does the right to science as a human right have to offer in response to sex and gender inequalities? This opinion focuses on the right to science as included in Article 15(1)b of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and in the UNESCO Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers. It argues that the right to science is an important normative tool that should promote and facilitate structural changes that can help to overcome gender-based barriers and ensure that women enjoy the right to science equally with men

The Parent Trap: Equality, Sex, and Partnership in the Modern Law Firm

The fight for women’s equality in law has achieved a lot. Women have made up nearly half of law students and law firm associates for the last two decades. Despite this progress, the partnership ranks of law firms are profoundly and intolerably sex segregated and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Our profession, which has fought for and helped to achieve legal equality on behalf of so many, is itself dogged by intractable inequality. A standard set of solutions, which address structural barriers within law firms and the effects of cognitive biases, have been urged for decades and yet have failed to deliver any significant improvement. A persistent feedback loop lies at the heart of this intractable gender inequality in law firm leadership and impedes women’s progress to partnership. Gender stereotypical expectations and senses of obligation lead to differences between men and women with respect to their work experience and income, which, in turn, lead to couples making rational, income maximizing (and gender stereotyped) decisions about parenting and managing the home, which reinforce gender stereotypes. Both men and women are caught in this feedback loop. Continuing to focus on fixing law firms so that they are more equal for women cannot disrupt this feedback loop because it ignores the other half of the population—men—who are stuck in the loop. The breadwinner stereotype is the culprit behind men’s part of the feedback loop. Women’s equality requires it to be dismantled. Persuading men to take paternity leaves of a month or two by themselves with their new babies has eroded the breadwinner stereotype in countries as hard working as, and even more socially conservative than, ours. Many law firms already offer fully paid paternity leaves of over a month, but few men take enough of it to make a real difference. Paternity leaves need to be carefully designed to exploit rather than buck the breadwinner stereotype. The tweaks to existing paternity leave policies are relatively small but will require the commitment of leaders in law firms to make such policies successful. The proposal offered here is not a silver bullet that will bring down gender inequality. It is, however, likely to help a lot, improve the lives of men, their children, and their spouses, and hurt no one