167 research outputs found
The extensional ordering of the sequential functionals
AbstractWe investigate the extensional ordering of the sequential functionals of finite types, with a focus on when the sequential functionals of a given type form a directed complete partial ordering, and on when a finite sequential functional will be the nontrivial least upper bound of an infinite chain of sequential functionals. We offer a full characterization for finite functionals of pure types
Comparing hierarchies of total functionals
In this paper we consider two hierarchies of hereditarily total and
continuous functionals over the reals based on one extensional and one
intensional representation of real numbers, and we discuss under which
asumptions these hierarchies coincide. This coincidense problem is equivalent
to a statement about the topology of the Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals.
As a tool of independent interest, we show that the Kleene-Kreisel functionals
may be embedded into both these hierarchies.Comment: 28 page
Intensional and Extensional Semantics of Bounded and Unbounded Nondeterminism
We give extensional and intensional characterizations of nondeterministic
functional programs: as structure preserving functions between biorders, and as
nondeterministic sequential algorithms on ordered concrete data structures
which compute them. A fundamental result establishes that the extensional and
intensional representations of non-deterministic programs are equivalent, by
showing how to construct a unique sequential algorithm which computes a given
monotone and stable function, and describing the conditions on sequential
algorithms which correspond to continuity with respect to each order.
We illustrate by defining may and must-testing denotational semantics for a
sequential functional language with bounded and unbounded choice operators. We
prove that these are computationally adequate, despite the non-continuity of
the must-testing semantics of unbounded nondeterminism. In the bounded case, we
prove that our continuous models are fully abstract with respect to may and
must-testing by identifying a simple universal type, which may also form the
basis for models of the untyped lambda-calculus. In the unbounded case we
observe that our model contains computable functions which are not denoted by
terms, by identifying a further "weak continuity" property of the definable
elements, and use this to establish that it is not fully abstract
On Berry's conjectures about the stable order in PCF
PCF is a sequential simply typed lambda calculus language. There is a unique
order-extensional fully abstract cpo model of PCF, built up from equivalence
classes of terms. In 1979, G\'erard Berry defined the stable order in this
model and proved that the extensional and the stable order together form a
bicpo. He made the following two conjectures: 1) "Extensional and stable order
form not only a bicpo, but a bidomain." We refute this conjecture by showing
that the stable order is not bounded complete, already for finitary PCF of
second-order types. 2) "The stable order of the model has the syntactic order
as its image: If a is less than b in the stable order of the model, for finite
a and b, then there are normal form terms A and B with the semantics a, resp.
b, such that A is less than B in the syntactic order." We give counter-examples
to this conjecture, again in finitary PCF of second-order types, and also
refute an improved conjecture: There seems to be no simple syntactic
characterization of the stable order. But we show that Berry's conjecture is
true for unary PCF. For the preliminaries, we explain the basic fully abstract
semantics of PCF in the general setting of (not-necessarily complete) partial
order models (f-models.) And we restrict the syntax to "game terms", with a
graphical representation.Comment: submitted to LMCS, 39 pages, 23 pstricks/pst-tree figures, main
changes for this version: 4.1: proof of game term theorem corrected, 7.: the
improved chain conjecture is made precise, more references adde
On the computational content of Zorn's lemma
We give a computational interpretation to an abstract instance of Zorn's
lemma formulated as a wellfoundedness principle in the language of arithmetic
in all finite types. This is achieved through G\"odel's functional
interpretation, and requires the introduction of a novel form of recursion over
non-wellfounded partial orders whose existence in the model of total continuous
functionals is proven using domain theoretic techniques. We show that a
realizer for the functional interpretation of open induction over the
lexicographic ordering on sequences follows as a simple application of our main
results
Pincherle's theorem in Reverse Mathematics and computability theory
We study the logical and computational properties of basic theorems of
uncountable mathematics, in particular Pincherle's theorem, published in 1882.
This theorem states that a locally bounded function is bounded on certain
domains, i.e. one of the first 'local-to-global' principles. It is well-known
that such principles in analysis are intimately connected to (open-cover)
compactness, but we nonetheless exhibit fundamental differences between
compactness and Pincherle's theorem. For instance, the main question of Reverse
Mathematics, namely which set existence axioms are necessary to prove
Pincherle's theorem, does not have an unique or unambiguous answer, in contrast
to compactness. We establish similar differences for the computational
properties of compactness and Pincherle's theorem. We establish the same
differences for other local-to-global principles, even going back to
Weierstrass. We also greatly sharpen the known computational power of
compactness, for the most shared with Pincherle's theorem however. Finally,
countable choice plays an important role in the previous, we therefore study
this axiom together with the intimately related Lindel\"of lemma.Comment: 43 pages, one appendix, to appear in Annals of Pure and Applied Logi
The recursion hierarchy for PCF is strict
We consider the sublanguages of Plotkin's PCF obtained by imposing some bound
k on the levels of types for which fixed point operators are admitted. We show
that these languages form a strict hierarchy, in the sense that a fixed point
operator for a type of level k can never be defined (up to observational
equivalence) using fixed point operators for lower types. This answers a
question posed by Berger. Our proof makes substantial use of the theory of
nested sequential procedures (also called PCF B\"ohm trees) as expounded in the
recent book of Longley and Normann
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