JPEG privacy and security framework for social networking and GLAM services

Current image coding standards provide limited support for privacy and security features. An exception is the JPSEC standard, which defines security extensions in JPEG 2000 specifications (part 8). Notwithstanding this shortcoming, the JPEG committee is currently defining a new JPEG Systems standard, which envisages privacy and security support across JPEG family of standards. In this manuscript, the main philosophy of this emerging specification is outlined along with typical use cases, main requirements as well as examples of potential technological solutions. The upcoming specification guarantees backward and forward compatibility with earlier standards and legacy implementations. Finally, we illustrate the introduced framework by two applications targeting secure photo sharing on social networks and IPR management in the GLAM sector.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Envisat products secure browsing in mobile clients using JPEG2000 interactivity protocol

Taking advantage of the mobile platforms to interact with the HICOD2000 system has been the motivation for the work described in this paper. Regardless of the limited resources available in mobile platforms the authors demonstrate that using the features of the HICOD2000 system the mobile device might be of major assistance in the field where satellite imagery may have an important and useful role. This paper describes an extension of the HICOD2000 system, available to the public through the ESA Service Support Environment. The EO JPEG2000 compressed products have achieved good compression ratios, minimizing both storage space and bandwidth. Regarding security to sensitive data the system enforces user access rights via a digital rights management platform called OpenSDRM. The mobile device has been endowed with the implementation of the JPIP protocol to optimize network bandwidth as well as the necessary components to interface with the OpenSDRM platform and decode JPSEC protected images: the OpenSDRM wallet and the protection tool.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Accessing earth observation data using JPEG2000

Applications like, change detection, global monitoring, disaster detection and management have emerging requirements that need the availability of large amounts of data. This data is currently being captured by a multiplicity of instruments and Earth Observation (EO) sensors originating large volumes of data that needs to be stored, processed and accessed in order to be useful. The authors of this paper have been involved on an ESA-founded project, called HICOD2000 to study the applicability of the new image encoding standard JPEG2000 - to EO products. This paper presents and describes the system that was developed for HICOD2000 project, which allows, not only the encoding and decoding of several EO products, but also supports some of the security requirements identified previously that allows ESA to define and apply efficient EO data access security policies and even to exploit some EO products electronic commerce over the Internet. This system was integrated with the existing ESA Ground Segment systems specifically the Services Support Environment (SSE).info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

WCAM: secured video surveillance with digital rights management

The WCAM project aims to provide an integrated system for secure delivery of video surveillance data over a wireless network, while remaining scalable and robust to transmission errors. To achieve these goals., the content is encoded in Motion-JPEG2000 and streamed with a specific RTP protocol encapsulation to prevent the loss of packets containing the most essential data. Protection of the video data is performed at content level using the standardized JPSEC syntax along with flexible encryption of quality layers or resolution levels. This selective encryption respects the JPEG2000 structure of the stream, not only ensuring end-to-end ciphered delivery, but also enabling dynamic content adaptation within the wireless network (quality of service, adaptation to the user's terminal). A DRM (Digital Rights Management) solution, called OpenSDRM is added to manage all authenticated peers on the WLAN (from end-users to cameras), as well as to manage the rights to access and display conditionally the video data. This whole integrated architecture addresses several security problems such as data encryption, integrity, access control and rights management. Using several protection lavers, the level of confidentiality can depend both on content characteristics and user rights, thus also addressing the critical issue of privacy.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Utilização da Norma JPEG2000 para codificar proteger e comercializar Produtos de Observação Terrestre

Applications like, change detection, global monitoring, disaster detection and management have emerging requirements that need the availability of large amounts of data. This data is currently being capture by a multiplicity of instruments and EO (Earth Observation) sensors originating large volumes of data that needs to be stored, processed and accessed in order to be useful – as an example, ENVISAT accumulates, in a yearly basis, several hundred terabytes of data. This need to recover, store, process and access brings some interesting challenges, like storage space, processing power, bandwidth and security, just to mention a few. These challenges are still very important on today’s technological world. If we take a look for example at the number of subscribers of ISP (Internet Service Providers) broadband services on the developed world today, one can notice that broadband services are still far from being common and dominant. On the underdeveloped countries the picture is even dimmer, not only from a bandwidth point of view but also in all other aspects regarding information and communication technologies (ICTs). All this challenges need to be taken into account if a service is to reach the broadest audience possible. Obviously protection and securing of services and contents is an extra asset that helps on the preservation of possible business values, especially if we consider such a costly business as the space industry. This thesis presents and describes a system which allows, not only the encoding and decoding of several EO products into a JPEG2000 format, but also supports some of the security requirements identified previously that allows ESA (European Space Agency) and related EO services to define and apply efficient EO data access security policies and even to exploit new ways to commerce EO products over the Internet.Aplicações como, detecção de mudanças no terreno, monitorização planetária, detecção e gestão de desastres, têm necessidades prementes que necessitam de vastas quantidades de dados. Estes dados estão presentemente a ser capturados por uma multiplicidade de instrumentos e sensores de observação terrestre, que originam uma enormidade de dados que necessitam de ser armazenados processados e acedidos de forma a se tornarem úteis – por exemplo, a ENVISAT acumula anualmente varias centenas de terabytes de dados. Esta necessidade de recuperar, armazenar, processar e aceder introduz alguns desafios interessantes como o espaço de armazenamento, poder de processamento, largura de banda e segurança dos dados só para mencionar alguns. Estes desafios são muito importantes no mundo tecnológico de hoje. Se olharmos, por exemplo, ao número actual de subscritores de ISP (Internet Service Providers) de banda larga nos países desenvolvidos podemos ficar surpreendidos com o facto do número de subscritores desses serviços ainda não ser uma maioria da população ou dos agregados familiares. Nos países subdesenvolvidos o quadro é ainda mais negro não só do ponto de vista da largura de banda mas também de todos os outros aspectos relacionados com Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs). Todos estes aspectos devem ser levados em consideração se se pretende que um serviço se torne o mais abrangente possível em termos de audiências. Obviamente a protecção e segurança dos conteúdos é um factor extra que ajuda a preservar possíveis valores de negócio, especialmente considerando industrias tão onerosas como a Industria Espacial. Esta tese apresenta e descreve um sistema que permite, não só a codificação e descodificação de diversos produtos de observação terrestre para formato JPEG2000 mas também o suporte de alguns requisitos de segurança identificados previamente que permitem, á Agência Espacial Europeia e a outros serviços relacionados com observação terrestre, a aplicação de politicas eficientes de acesso seguro a produtos de observação terrestre, permitindo até o aparecimento de novas forma de comercialização de produtos de observação terrestre através da Internet

HICOD2000 - Integrated system for coding, protection and trading of earth observation products in JPEG2000

This paper describes a system, called HICOD2000, derived from a project developed in collaboration between two Portuguese companies and the European Space Agency that exploited the possibilities offered by the emerging image encoding standard - JPEG2000 - and its applicability to Earth Observation Products. The work described on this paper has been completed and it's currently being integrated with ESA own systems and EO products portal. Other important characteristic of the system consists in the usage of a Digital Rights Management platform to control the access and usage of EO products coded in JPEG2000 format.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Scrambling for Video Surveillance with Privacy

In this paper, we address the problem of scrambling regions of interest in a video sequence for the purpose of preserving privacy in video surveillance. We propose an efficient solution based on transform-domain scrambling. More specifically, the sign of selected transform coefficients is pseudo-randomly flipped during encoding. We address more specifically the two cases of MPEG-4 and Motion JPEG 2000. Simulation results show that the technique can be successfully applied to conceal information in regions of interest in the scene while providing with a good level of security. Furthermore, the scrambling is flexible and allows adjusting the amount of distortion introduced. Finally, this is achieved with a small impact on coding performance and negligible computational complexity increase

Privacy Enabling Technology for Video Surveillance

In this paper, we address the problem privacy in video surveillance. We propose an efficient solution based on transform-domain scrambling of regions of interest in a video sequence. More specifically, the sign of selected transform coefficients is flipped during encoding. We address more specifically the case of Motion JPEG 2000. Simulation results show that the technique can be successfully applied to conceal information in regions of interest in the scene while providing with a good level of security. Furthermore, the scrambling is flexible and allows adjusting the amount of distortion introduced. This is achieved with a small impact on coding performance and negligible computational complexity increase. In the proposed video surveillance system, heterogeneous clients can remotely access the system through the Internet or 2G/3G mobile phone network. Thanks to the inherently scalable Motion JPEG 2000 codestream, the server is able to adapt the resolution and bandwidth of the delivered video depending on the usage environment of the client