The Economics of Internet Markets

The internet has facilitated the creation of new markets characterized by large scale, increased customization, rapid innovation and the collection and use of detailed consumer and market data. I describe these changes and some of the economic theory that has been useful for thinking about online advertising markets, retail and business-to-business e-commerce, internet job matching and financial exchanges, and other internet platforms. I also discuss the empirical evidence on competition and consumer behavior in internet markets and some directions for future research.internet, market, innovation, advertising, retail, e-commerce, financial exchanges

The Impact of Reputation and Promotion on Internet Auction Outcomes: Evidence from Huuto.net

Internet auctions have become increasingly popular in the 21st century. However, asymmetric information induced issues, such as the inability to trust the seller and product quality uncertainty, might discourage the buyers' willingness to bid according to their true valuations. In order to alleviate trust issues, sellers are able to build an online reputation through successful online transactions. The purpose of this Master's thesis is to explore the impact of seller's reputation and chosen promotion methods on auction outcomes in Finnish Huuto.net online auction website. The fundamental concepts of auction theory, such as valuation models, the basic four auction types, the revenue equivalence theorem and optimal auctions are introduced. Signaling theory is discussed in addition to the bidding mechanisms and reputation systems of internet auctions. The recent literature considering the impact of a seller's reputation and promotion methods on auction outcomes is reviewed. The hypotheses set to be tested are derived from the recent empirical studies and auction theory. The statistical method used in the tests of hypotheses is multiple linear regression analysis. The dataset analyzed in this study consists of 227 auctions of iPhone 4S 16 GB mobile phones posted up for auction by 138 individual sellers. The main finding of this study is that the sellers who have acquired a costless identification from Huuto.net achieve a hefty increase in the final sales price. It also turns out that sellers who have not established an online reputation experience a steep decline in the realized closing price of the auction. The impact of negative feedback is significant as well; the increase of negative feedback points decreases the final sales price. Purchasing display-enhancing promotional options does not increase the price or probability of sale. In short, establishing reputation, avoiding negative feedback and acquiring identification pays off. The promotional options are not worth the cost.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Searching the eBay Marketplace

This paper proposes a framework for demand estimation with data on bids, bidders' identities, and auction covariates from a sequence of eBay auctions. First the aspect of bidding in a marketplace environment is developed. Form the simple dynamic auction model with IPV and private bidding costs it follows that if participation is optimal the bidder searches with a "reservation bid" for low-price auctions. Extending results from the empirical auction literature and employing a similar two-stage procedure as has recently been used when estimating dynamic games it is shown that bidding costs are non-parametrically identified. The procedure is tried on a new data set. The median cost is estimated at less than 2% of transaction prices.

An Empirical Investigation of Bidding Strategies and Their Effects on Online Single-Unit Auctions

Online bidding strategy is one of the most discussed topics in online auction research. This research aims to empirically confirm online bidding strategies in single-unit auctions and evaluate these strategies in the context of auction winning outcome, final price evaluation, and perceived enjoyment. Both objective and subjective data of online single-unit auctions were collected to validate our postulated hypotheses. Our findings suggest that there are three basic bidding strategies in single-unit auctions and they indeed have different impacts on auction biddings

The Economics of Internet Markets

The internet has facilitated the creation of new markets characterized by large scale, increased customization, rapid innovation and the collection and use of detailed consumer and market data. I describe these changes and some of the economic theory that has been useful for thinking about online advertising markets, retail and business-to-business e-commerce, internet job matching and financial exchanges, and other internet platforms. I also discuss the empirical evidence on competition and consumer behavior in internet markets and some directions for future research.

How Social Reputation Networks Interact with Competition in Anonymous Online Trading: An Experimental Study

Many Internet markets rely on ‘feedback systems’, essentially social networks of reputation, to facilitate trust and trustworthiness in anonymous transactions. Market competition creates incentives that arguably may enhance or curb the effectiveness of these systems. We investigate how different forms of market competition and social reputation networks interact in a series of laboratory online markets, where sellers face a moral hazard. We find that competition in strangers networks (where market encounters are one-shot) most frequently enhances trust and trustworthiness, and always increases total gains-from-trade. One reason is that information about reputation trumps pricing in the sense that traders usually do not conduct business with someone having a bad reputation not even for a substantial price discount. We also find that a reliable reputation network can largely reduce the advantage of partners networks (where a buyer and a seller can maintain repeated exchange with each other) in promoting trust and trustworthiness if the market is sufficiently competitive. We conclude that, overall, competitive online markets have more effective social reputation networks.reputation systems, e-commerce, internet markets, trust