Production of pace as collaborative activity

In this paper we investigate the concept of pace development and management among groups of people. We explore and compare groups visiting museums, and groups virtually co-located in a mixed reality system for a museum. In considering pace, and how to design to support it, we have to consider more than the speed or location of information display. We have to also take into consideration the social formation of pace through features such as the visitors' awareness of each other's location and attention. By considering aspects of collaboratively produced pace such as presenting engagement and disengagement, we offer suggestions as to how social handling of pace might be better supported by technology

High-level languages for small devices: A case study

In this paper we study, through a concrete case, the feasibility of using a high-level, general-purpose logic language in the design and implementation of applications targeting wearable computers. The case study is a "sound spatializer" which, given real-time signáis for monaural audio and heading, generates stereo sound which appears to come from a position in space. The use of advanced compile-time transformations and optimizations made it possible to execute code written in a clear style without efñciency or architectural concerns on the target device, while meeting strict existing time and memory constraints. The final executable compares favorably with a similar implementation written in C. We believe that this case is representative of a wider class of common pervasive computing applications, and that the techniques we show here can be put to good use in a range of scenarios. This points to the possibility of applying high-level languages, with their associated flexibility, conciseness, ability to be automatically parallelized, sophisticated compile-time tools for analysis and verification, etc., to the embedded systems field without paying an unnecessary performance penalty

Optimizing prolog for small devices: A case study

In this paper we present the design and implementation of a wearable application in Prolog. The application program is a "sound spatializer." Given an audio signal and real time data from a head-mounted compass, a signal is generated for stereo headphones that will appear to come from a position in space. We describe high-level and low-level optimizations and transformations that have been applied in order to fit this application on the wearable device. The end application operates comfortably in real-time on a wearable computer, and has a memory foot print that remains constant over time enabling it to run on continuous audio streams. Comparison with a version hand-written in C shows that the C version is no more than 20-40% faster; a small price to pay for a high level description

Heart Rate detection using Photoplethysmography using Android Phone

This paper includes Heart Rate Detector system implemented by some modern hardware ICs and simple sensor circuit with software executable on both PC and android platform. Very first the bio-signals are extracted via photoplethysmography concept using PPG sensor into electric signal. Now at the next stage microprocessor is used to convert the bio-signal from analog to digital format. Some application software running on Windows and Android phone have been developed to display heart rate information and time domain waveform to users for health care monitoring. Some of the applications running on the android platform few of them have been developed to display the heart rate information and some health care monitoring system. This project includes the RF modules which having the major impact and plays the predominant role in it. In future, pure wireless technology will be used instead of RF modules DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15032

System (for) Tracking Equilibrium and Determining Incline (STEADI)

The goal of this project was to design and implement a smartphone-based wearable system to detect fall events in real time. It has the acronym STEADI. Rather than have expensive customised hardware STEADI was implemented in a cost effective manner using a generic mobile computing device. In order to detect the fall event, we propose a fall detector that uses the accelerometer available in a mobile phone. As for detecting a fall we mainly divide the system in two sections, the signal processing and classification. For the processing both a median filter and a high pass filter are used. A Median filter is used to amplify/enhance the signal by removing impulsive noise while preserving the signal shape while the High pass filter is used to emphasise transitions in the signal. Then, in order to recognize a fall event, our STEADI system implements two methods that are a simple threshold analysis to determine whether or not a fall has occurred (threshold-based) and a more sophisticated Naïve-Bayes classification method to differentiate falling from other mobile activities. Our experimental results show that by applying the signal processing and Naïve-Bayes classification together increases the accuracy by more than 20% compared with using the threshold-based method alone. The Naïve-Bayes achieved a detection accuracy of 95% in overall. Furthermore, an external sensor is introduced in order to enhance its accuracy. In addition to the fall detection, the systems can also provide location information using Google Maps as to the whereabouts of the fall event using the available GPS on the smartphone and sends the message to the caretaker via an SMS

System (for) Tracking Equilibrium and Determining Incline (STEADI)

The goal of this project was to design and implement a smartphone-based wearable system to detect fall events in real time. It has the acronym STEADI. Rather than have expensive customised hardware STEADI was implemented in a cost effective manner using a generic mobile computing device. In order to detect the fall event, we propose a fall detector that uses the accelerometer available in a mobile phone. As for detecting a fall we mainly divide the system in two sections, the signal processing and classification. For the processing both a median filter and a high pass filter are used. A Median filter is used to amplify/enhance the signal by removing impulsive noise while preserving the signal shape while the High pass filter is used to emphasise transitions in the signal. Then, in order to recognize a fall event, our STEADI system implements two methods that are a simple threshold analysis to determine whether or not a fall has occurred (threshold-based) and a more sophisticated Naïve-Bayes classification method to differentiate falling from other mobile activities. Our experimental results show that by applying the signal processing and Naïve-Bayes classification together increases the accuracy by more than 20% compared with using the threshold-based method alone. The Naïve-Bayes achieved a detection accuracy of 95% in overall. Furthermore, an external sensor is introduced in order to enhance its accuracy. In addition to the fall detection, the systems can also provide location information using Google Maps as to the whereabouts of the fall event using the available GPS on the smartphone and sends the message to the caretaker via an SMS

A Comprehensive Survey on Data Utility and Privacy: Taking Indian Healthcare System as a Potential Case Study

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and editors who have been involved in examining this manuscript.Background: According to the renowned and Oscar award-winning American actor and film director Marlon Brando, “privacy is not something that I am merely entitled to, it is an absolute prerequisite.” Privacy threats and data breaches occur daily, and countries are mitigating the consequences caused by privacy and data breaches. The Indian healthcare industry is one of the largest and rapidly developing industry. Overall, healthcare management is changing from disease-centric into patient-centric systems. Healthcare data analysis also plays a crucial role in healthcare management, and the privacy of patient records must receive equal attention. Purpose: This paper mainly presents the utility and privacy factors of the Indian healthcare data and discusses the utility aspect and privacy problems concerning Indian healthcare systems. It defines policies that reform Indian healthcare systems. The case study of the NITI Aayog report is presented to explain how reformation occurs in Indian healthcare systems. Findings: It is found that there have been numerous research studies conducted on Indian healthcare data across all dimensions; however, privacy problems in healthcare, specifically in India, are caused by prevalent complacency, culture, politics, budget limitations, large population, and existing infrastructures. This paper reviews the Indian healthcare system and the applications that drive it. Additionally, the paper also maps that how privacy issues are happening in every healthcare sector in India. Originality/Value: To understand these factors and gain insights, understanding Indian healthcare systems first is crucial. To the best of our knowledge, we found no recent papers that thoroughly reviewed the Indian healthcare system and its privacy issues. The paper is original in terms of its overview of the healthcare system and privacy issues. Social Implications: Privacy has been the most ignored part of the Indian healthcare system. With India being a country with a population of 130 billion, much healthcare data are generated every day. The chances of data breaches and other privacy violations on such sensitive data cannot be avoided as they cause severe concerns for individuals. This paper segregates the healthcare system’s advances and lists the privacy that needs to be addressed first

Artificial Intelligence is a Character? Exploring design scenarios to build interface behaviours

The paper aims to illustrate the qualitative results of the first phase of the scenario research about voice interfaces, examining whether it is possible to design them as if they were a theatrical or cinematographic character. The research field intersects interaction design with character design, intended as the narrative construction of a character, and theatrical performances. The experimentation takes advantage of theatre workshops that aims to show, and understand, which are the main characteristics of a vocal interface and how to design them according to a performance approach. The paper ends illustrating how design can address actual opportunities and criticalities about emerging technologies, following a relations-based approach

Obstacles to wearable computing

In the year 2021, wearable technology could look beautiful and feel magical, but instead is exemplified by a plain wristband that looks suspiciously like a prison monitor. How can we make wearable technology that respects our privacy, enhances our daily lives, integrates with our other connected devices without leashing us to a smartphone, and visually expresses who we are? This study uses a novel method of participatory design fiction (PDFi) to understand potential users of everyday wearable technology through storytelling. I recruited participants from the general public and gave them a five-point prompt to create a design fiction (DF), which inspired the user-centred design of an everyday connected wearable device. The participants each received a technology probe to wear in the wild for a year. They then updated their DFs as a way to reflect on the implications of the technology. For the purposes of privacy, augmenting device functionality through interoperability, and integration into an Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, I used the Hub-of-All-Things personal data store to provide the software infrastructure. By listening to their stories, we can elicit design concepts directly from the users, to help us create wearable IoT devices that put the wearer at the centre of the design process, and are satisfying both functionally and emotionally.The Alan Turing Institute Doctoral Scheme, University of Cambridge Department of Computer Science and Technology, The Kenneth Hayter Memorial Fun

Organization, atmosphere, and digital technologies: designing sensory order

We argue technology and organization are inherently spatial phenomenon. We conceptualize this conjunction as atmosphere: a gathering of mood, human practice, material and environmental conditions, and values that has sufficient coherence and distinction to constitute a distinct interior. Atmospheres, however, are not entirely stable and present: the interior is porous to outside influence, and the interior is never wholly ordered. We show this through the study of digitally mediated architectural design practice. We find the technological mediation of atmospheres is constituted in sensory and affective spatial arrangements, and not in rationally calculated configurations of assets and goals. An atmosphere is inherently aesthetic. This allows us to gesture toward a definition of organization as technologically mediated spatial struggle to reconcile interior coherence with outward exposure