More Set-theory around the weak Freese-Nation property

In this paper, we introduce a very weak square principle which is even weaker than the similar principle introduced by Foreman and Magidor. A characterization of this principle is given in term of sequences of elementary submodels of H(\chi). This is used in turn to prove a characterization of kappa-Freese-Nation property under the very weak square principle and a weak variant of the Singular Cardinals Hypothesis. A typical application of this characterization shows that under 2^{\aleph_0}<\aleph_\omega and our very weak square for \aleph_\omega, the partial ordering [omega_\omega]^{<\omega} (ordered by inclusion) has the aleph_1-Freese-Nation property. On the other hand we show that, under Chang's Conjecture for \aleph_\omega the partial ordering above does not have the aleph_1-Freese-Nation property. Hence we obtain the independence of our characterization of the kappa-Freese-Nation property and also of the very weak square principle from ZFC

On squares, outside guessing of clubs and I_{<f}[lambda]

Suppose that lambda = mu^+. We consider two aspects of the square property on subsets of lambda. First, we have results which show e.g. that for aleph_0 <= kappa =cf (kappa)< mu, the equality cf([mu]^{<= kappa}, subseteq)= mu is a sufficient condition for the set of elements of lambda whose cofinality is bounded by kappa, to be split into the union of mu sets with squares. Secondly, we introduce a certain weak version of the square property and prove that if mu is a strong limit, then this weak square property holds on lambda without any additional assumption

Weak Hopf Algebras I: Integral Theory and C^*-structure

We give an introduction to the theory of weak Hopf algebras proposed recently as a coassociative alternative of weak quasi-Hopf algebras. We follow an axiomatic approach keeping as close as possible to the "classical" theory of Hopf algebras. The emphasis is put on the new structure related to the presence of canonical subalgebras A^L and A^R in any weak Hopf algebra A that play the role of non-commutative numbers in many respects. A theory of integrals is developed in which we show how the algebraic properties of A, such as the Frobenius property, or semisimplicity, or innerness of the square of the antipode, are related to the existence of non-degenerate, normalized, or Haar integrals. In case of C^*-weak Hopf algebras we prove the existence of a unique Haar measure h in A and of a canonical grouplike element g in A implementing the square of the antipode and factorizing into left and right algebra elements. Further discussion of the C^*-case will be presented in Part II.Comment: 40 pages, LaTeX, to appear in J. Algebr

Mass Transportation on Sub-Riemannian Manifolds

We study the optimal transport problem in sub-Riemannian manifolds where the cost function is given by the square of the sub-Riemannian distance. Under appropriate assumptions, we generalize Brenier-McCann's Theorem proving existence and uniqueness of the optimal transport map. We show the absolute continuity property of Wassertein geodesics, and we address the regularity issue of the optimal map. In particular, we are able to show its approximate differentiability a.e. in the Heisenberg group (and under some weak assumptions on the measures the differentiability a.e.), which allows to write a weak form of the Monge-Amp\`ere equation