Protection of Relational Databases by Means of Watermarking: Recent Advances and Challenges

Databases represent today great economical and strategic concerns for both enterprises and public institutions. In that context, where data leaks, robbery as well as innocent or even hostile data degradation represent a real danger, and watermarking appears as an interesting tool. Watermarking is based on the imperceptible embedding of a message or watermark into a database in order, for instance, to determine its origin as well as to detect if it has been modified. A major advantage of watermarking in relation to other digital content protection mechanisms is that it leaves access to the data while keeping them protected by means of a watermark, independent of the data format storage. Nevertheless, it is necessary to ensure that the introduced distortion does not perturb the exploitation of the database. In this chapter, we give a general overview of the latest database watermarking methods, focusing on those dealing with distortion control. In particular, we present a recent technique based on an ontological modeling of the database semantics that represent the relationships in between attributes—relationships that should be preserved in order to avoid the appearance of incoherent and unlikely records

Watermarking for Security in Database

Watermarking technology is used to embed copyright information in objects such as images, audio, video and databases. The increasing use of relational database systems in many real-life applications creates the need for database watermarking systems for protection of database. As a result, watermarking relational database system deals with the legal issue of copyright protection of database system. There are different types of databases like, Numerical and Categorical Databases. Working with numerical data is easier as compared to categorical databases which is much harder to work with. This report addresses a unique, robust copyright protection scheme for Relational Database. Watermark (Characteristic code) is a binary string calculated through the characteristic operation on the original database. A watermark is called robust if it resists a designated class of transformations. Robust watermarks may be used in copy protection applications to carry copy and access control information. The algorithm correlates characteristics according to the content of the databases, which can resist invertibility attack efficiently.Invertibility attack on database is being considered in this paper

A Robust Distortion Minimization Fingerprinting Technique for Relational DatabaseÂ

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Cyber Security

This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Annual Conference on Cyber Security, CNCERT 2021, held in Beijing, China, in AJuly 2021. The 14 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 51 submissions. The papers are organized according to the following topical sections: ​data security; privacy protection; anomaly detection; traffic analysis; social network security; vulnerability detection; text classification

Instructive of Ooze Information

We study the following problem: A data distributor has given sensitive data to a set of supposedly trusted agents (third parties). Some of the data are leaked and bring into being in an unconstitutional place (e.g., on the web or somebody2019;s laptop). The distributor must evaluate the likelihood that the leaked data came from one or more agents, as opposed to having been independently gathered by other means. We propose data distribution strategies (across the agents) that improve the likelihood of identifying leakages. These methods do not rely on alterations of the released data (e.g., watermarks). In some cases, we can also inject 201C;realistic but replica201D; data records to further improve our chances of detecting leakage and identifying the guilty party. In the course of doing business, sometimes sensitive data must be handed over to supposedly trusted third parties. For example, a hospital may give patient records to Researchers who will devise new treatments. Similarly, a company may have partnerships with other companies that require sharing customer data. Another enterprise may outsource its data processing, so data must be given to various other companies. There always remains a risk of data getting leaked from the agent. Perturbation is a very valuable technique where the data are modified and made 201C;less sensitive201D; before being handed to agents. For example, one can add random noise to certain attributes, or one can replace exact values by ranges. But this technique requires modification of data. Leakage detection is handled by watermarking, e.g., a unique code is implanted in each distributed copy. If that copy is later discovered in the hands of an unconstitutional party, the leaker can be identified. But again it requires code modification. Watermarks can sometimes be destroyed if the data recipient is malicious