Implementation of Rule Based Algorithm for Sandhi-Vicheda Of Compound Hindi Words

Sandhi means to join two or more words to coin new word. Sandhi literally means `putting together' or combining (of sounds), It denotes all combinatory sound-changes effected (spontaneously) for ease of pronunciation. Sandhi-vicheda describes [5] the process by which one letter (whether single or cojoined) is broken to form two words. Part of the broken letter remains as the last letter of the first word and part of the letter forms the first letter of the next letter. Sandhi-Vicheda is an easy and interesting way that can give entirely new dimension that add new way to traditional approach to Hindi Teaching. In this paper using the Rule based algorithm we have reported an accuracy of 60-80% depending upon the number of rules to be implemented

Correlations between structure and dynamics in complex networks

Previous efforts in complex networks research focused mainly on the topological features of such networks, but now also encompass the dynamics. In this Letter we discuss the relationship between structure and dynamics, with an emphasis on identifying whether a topological hub, i.e. a node with high degree or strength, is also a dynamical hub, i.e. a node with high activity. We employ random walk dynamics and establish the necessary conditions for a network to be topologically and dynamically fully correlated, with topological hubs that are also highly active. Zipf's law is then shown to be a reflection of the match between structure and dynamics in a fully correlated network, as well as a consequence of the rich-get-richer evolution inherent in scale-free networks. We also examine a number of real networks for correlations between topology and dynamics and find that many of them are not fully correlated.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

About adequacy, equivalence and translatability in human and machine translation

This paper examines the concepts of adequacy, equivalence and translatability in human translation and how in particular the concept of adequacy evolves with respect to the evaluation of the quality in Machine Translation. The paper starts with the analysis of the notions of translated sense and adequacy as discussed in translation theory and highlights how the considerations on the nature of human translation lose their theoretical strength if applied to Machine translation (MT). The different ways of conceiving the sense in human and machine translation with regard to the concepts of adequacy and equivalence, lead to different interpretations of the relationship between source and target text

Lexicography and its interdisciplinary contacts, with special reference to Linguistics and Onomasiology

The article attempts a first conspectus of what is known about interdisciplinary con-tacts between the fields of Lexicography and Linguistics, and in the process asks a range of fundamental questions on whether and how the subject matter is shared, and how we can improve mutual relations. Firstly, some opinions and arguments in the literature are reviewed, with par-ticular attention to (a) what criteria determine the status of a discipline, (b) how various relations between Lexicography and Linguistics can be modelled, (c) how practice and theory interact, and (d) what parallels there are between the two disciplines, in terms of such notions as description, codification and remediation. Secondly, views from the position of Linguistics are categorised his-torically and systematically, first by tracing the development from historical comparative or dia-chronic linguistics (philology) to structural-descriptive (synchronic) linguistics as well as applied linguistics, and then by combining five of the linguistic 'levels' with the three semiotic 'dimensions', and relating them to various interdisciplinary or problem-solving fields, such as sociolinguistics and computational linguistics. Thirdly, several points of view in Lexicography are presented, and an explicit framework is developed for displaying its place relative to its 'mother', 'sister' and 'daughter' disciplines as well as some of its 'data-supplying' disciplines, paying special attention to the problem of methodology. Fourthly, as a special case study, the territory of 'onomasiology' is discussed to illustrate the limitations and possibilities of various approaches to the analysis, de-scription and lexicographic presentation of synonym and antonym sets of vocabulary. The conclusion is reached that ways must be found to understand the interdisciplinary nature of Lexico-graphy, and a plea is made to move from mutual neglect to deliberate collaboration. (Several dia-grams are used to display networks of relations; bibliographical references focus on recent work and include representative reference works for the major disciplines mentioned.) Keywords: lexicography, metalexicography, theory and practice, de-scription, codification, remediation, application, interdisciplinary con-tacts, linguistics, onomasiology, mother disciplines, sister disciplines, daughter disciplines, data-supplying disciplines, methodology, reference science, semiotic