104,826 research outputs found
Photothermal effects in ultra-precisely stabilized tunable microcavities
We study the mechanical stability of a tunable high-finesse microcavity under
ambient conditions and investigate light-induced effects that can both suppress
and excite mechanical fluctuations. As an enabling step, we demonstrate the
ultra-precise electronic stabilization of a microcavity. We then show that
photothermal mirror expansion can provide high-bandwidth feedback and improve
cavity stability by almost two orders of magnitude. At high intracavity power,
we observe self-oscillations of mechanical resonances of the cavity. We explain
the observations by a dynamic photothermal instability, leading to parametric
driving of mechanical motion. For an optimized combination of electronic and
photothermal stabilization, we achieve a feedback bandwidth of kHz and a
noise level of m rms
Single- and double-vortex vector solitons in self-focusing nonlinear media
We study two-component spatial optical solitons carrying an angular momentum
and propagating in a self-focusing saturable nonlinear medium. When one of the
components is small, such vector solitons can be viewed as a self-trapped
vortex beam that guides either the fundamental or first-order guided mode, and
they are classified as single- and double-vortex vector solitons. For such
composite vortex beams, we demonstrate that a large-amplitude guided mode can
stabilize the ring-like vortex beam which usually decays due to azimuthal
modulational instability. We identify different types of these vector vortex
solitons and demonstrate both vortex bistability and mutual stabilization
effect.Comment: 7 pages, 13 figure
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The Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Comorbid Back Pain in Shoulder Instability: A Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Instability Cohort Study.
Background:Understanding predictors of pain is critical, as recent literature shows that comorbid back pain is an independent risk factor for worse functional and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as well as increased opioid dependence after total joint arthroplasty. Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether comorbid back pain would be predictive of pain or self-reported instability symptoms at the time of stabilization surgery. We hypothesized that comorbid back pain will correlate with increased pain at the time of surgery as well as with worse scores on shoulder-related PRO measures. Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods:As part of the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Instability cohort, patients consented to participate in pre- and intraoperative data collection. Demographic characteristics, injury history, preoperative PRO scores, and radiologic and intraoperative findings were recorded for patients undergoing surgical shoulder stabilization. Patients were also asked, whether they had any back pain. Results:The study cohort consisted of 1001 patients (81% male; mean age, 24.1 years). Patients with comorbid back pain (158 patients; 15.8%) were significantly older (28.1 vs 23.4 years; P < .001) and were more likely to be female (25.3% vs 17.4%; P = .02) but did not differ in terms of either preoperative imaging or intraoperative findings. Patients with self-reported back pain had significantly worse preoperative pain and shoulder-related PRO scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index) (P < .001), more frequent depression (22.2% vs 8.3%; P < .001), poorer mental health status (worse scores for the RAND 36-Item Health Survey Mental Component Score, Iowa Quick Screen, and Personality Assessment Screener) (P < .01), and worse preoperative expectations (P < .01). Conclusion:Despite having similar physical findings, patients with comorbid back pain had more severe preoperative pain and self-reported symptoms of instability as well as more frequent depression and lower mental health scores. The combination of disproportionate shoulder pain, comorbid back pain and mental health conditions, and inferior preoperative expectations may affect not only the patient's preoperative state but also postoperative pain control and/or postoperative outcomes
A note on oil dependence and economic instability
We show that dependence on foreign energy can increase economic instability by raising the likelihood of equilibrium indeterminacy, hence making fluctuations driven by self-fulfilling expectations easier to occur. This is demonstrated in a standard neoclassical growth model. Calibration exercises, based on the estimated share of imported energy in production for several countries, show that the degree of reliance on foreign energy for many countries can easily make an otherwise determinate and stable economy indeterminate and unstable.Petroleum industry and trade ; Economic stabilization
On the effect of the thermal gas component to the stability of vortices in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
We study the stability of vortices in trapped single-component Bose-Einstein
condensates within self-consistent mean-field theories--especially we consider
the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov-Popov theory and its recently proposed gapless
extensions. It is shown that for sufficiently repulsively interacting systems
the anomalous negative-energy modes related to vortex instabilities are lifted
to positive energies due to partial filling of the vortex core with
noncondensed gas. Such a behavior implies that within these theories the vortex
states are eventually stable against transfer of condensate matter to the
anomalous core modes. This self-stabilization of vortices, shown to occur under
very general circumstances, is contrasted to the predictions of the
non-self-consistent Bogoliubov approximation, which is known to exhibit
anomalous modes for all vortex configurations and thus implying instability of
these states. In addition, the shortcomings of these approximations in
describing the properties of vortices are analysed, and the need of a
self-consistent theory taking properly into account the coupled dynamics of the
condensate and the noncondensate atoms is emphasized.Comment: 8 page
Stabilizing Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet
This paper reports the first self-stabilizing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). BGP is the standard inter-domain routing protocol in the Internet. Self-stabilization is a technique to tolerate arbitrary transient faults.
The routing instability in the Internet can occur due to errors in configuring the routing data structures, the routing policies, transient physical and data link problems, software bugs, and memory corruption. This instability can increase the network latency, slow down the convergence of the routing data structures, and can also cause the partitioning of networks. Most of the previous studies concentrated on routing policies to achieve the convergence of BGP while the oscillations due to transient faults were ignored.
The purpose of self-stabilizing BGP is to solve the routing instability problem when this instability results from transient failures. The selfstabilizing BGP presented here provides a way to detect and automatically recover from this type of faults. Our protocol is combined with an existing protocol to make it resilient to policy conflicts as well
Stable vortex solitons in nonlocal self-focusing nonlinear media
We reveal that spatially localized vortex solitons become stable in self-focusing nonlinear media when the vortex symmetry-breaking azimuthal instability is eliminated by a nonlocal nonlinear response. We study the main properties of different types of vortex beams and discuss the physical mechanism of the vortex stabilization in spatially nonlocal nonlinear media
The Cellular Burning Regime in Type Ia Supernova Explosions - I. Flame Propagation into Quiescent Fuel
We present a numerical investigation of the cellular burning regime in Type
Ia supernova explosions. This regime holds at small scales (i.e. below the
Gibson scale), which are unresolved in large-scale Type Ia supernova
simulations. The fundamental effects that dominate the flame evolution here are
the Landau-Darrieus instability and its nonlinear stabilization, leading to a
stabilization of the flame in a cellular shape. The flame propagation into
quiescent fuel is investigated addressing the dependence of the simulation
results on the specific parameters of the numerical setup. Furthermore, we
investigate the flame stability at a range of fuel densities. This is directly
connected to the questions of active turbulent combustion (a mechanism of flame
destabilization and subsequent self-turbulization) and a
deflagration-to-detonation transition of the flame. In our simulations we find
no substantial destabilization of the flame when propagating into quiescent
fuels of densities down to ~10^7 g/cm^3, corroborating fundamental assumptions
of large-scale SN Ia explosion models. For these models, however, we suggest an
increased lower cutoff for the flame propagation velocity to take the cellular
burning regime into account.Comment: 12 pages, 2 tables, 10 figures, resolution of figures degraded due to
archive file size restrictions, submitted to A&
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