Operation mode and commodity attributes of art festivals: the case of Tianfu Ancient Town Art Festival

Os governos necessitam de avaliar a forma como os recursos culturais locais podem ser valorizados no sentido de assegurar resultados económicos. Na China, existem mais de 1000 cidades antigas com uma história de cinco milénios. Estas cidades possuem recursos culturais e turísticos abundantes à espera de serem rentabilizados. Embora seja amplamente aceite que a realização de festivais de arte é uma estratégia possível para o desenvolvimento e valorização dos recursos culturais, persiste o problema de que a maioria destes festivais são muito semelhantes entre si.O presente estudo procura explorar o modo de operação de localização do festival de arte, com base na contextualização de protótipos e na perspetiva dos atributos de bens. Foram recolhidos dados do primeiro Festival de Arte da Cidade Antiga Tianfu de Chengdu e analisados de acordo com a teoria da produção artística. Em particular, esta tese explora a teoria do design de atributos de bens artísticos e o seu processo de localização, com base no cenário, e propõe a estrutura de comercialização do Festival de Arte da Cidade Antiga, ou seja, usa a criatividade cultural e os métodos artísticos para aprimorar a competitividade da marca na cidade antiga, produzindo bens irreproduzíveis e refletindo a sua originalidade, integridade e singularidade. Além disso, para melhorar a ponte entre a teoria e a prática, esta tese propõe o mecanismo de seleção de um alto nível de instituições funcionais de qualificação artística, como a equipa criativa, a equipa de desempenho e a equipa de marketing. Esta tese constrói ainda um sistema de avaliação multidimensional para avaliar os benefícios sociais e económicos. Estuda também o significado do modo de operação local de mecanismos de cooperação de longo prazo com governos, associações, empresas de media e alianças de cidades antigas, aprimorando assim a marca artística da cidade antiga de Tianfu.Os governos necessitam de avaliar a forma como os recursos culturais locais podem ser valorizados no sentido de assegurar resultados económicos. Na China, existem mais de 1000 cidades antigas com uma história de cinco milénios. Estas cidades possuem recursos culturais e turísticos abundantes à espera de serem rentabilizados. Embora seja amplamente aceite que a realização de festivais de arte é uma estratégia possível para o desenvolvimento e valorização dos recursos culturais, persiste o problema de que a maioria destes festivais são muito semelhantes entre si.O presente estudo procura explorar o modo de operação de localização do festival de arte, com base na contextualização de protótipos e na perspetiva dos atributos de bens. Foram recolhidos dados do primeiro Festival de Arte da Cidade Antiga Tianfu de Chengdu e analisados de acordo com a teoria da produção artística. Em particular, esta tese explora a teoria do design de atributos de bens artísticos e o seu processo de localização, com base no cenário, e propõe a estrutura de comercialização do Festival de Arte da Cidade Antiga, ou seja, usa a criatividade cultural e os métodos artísticos para aprimorar a competitividade da marca na cidade antiga, produzindo bens irreproduzíveis e refletindo a sua originalidade, integridade e singularidade. Além disso, para melhorar a ponte entre a teoria e a prática, esta tese propõe o mecanismo de seleção de um alto nível de instituições funcionais de qualificação artística, como a equipa criativa, a equipa de desempenho e a equipa de marketing. Esta tese constrói ainda um sistema de avaliação multidimensional para avaliar os benefícios sociais e económicos. Estuda também o significado do modo de operação local de mecanismos de cooperação de longo prazo com governos, associações, empresas de media e alianças de cidades antigas, aprimorando assim a marca artística da cidade antiga de Tianfu

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONS- THE CASE OF CHINA

This research investigates Destination Management Organisation (DMOs) in China, and looks at their functions and their adoption of Performance Measurement Systems (PMSs). A two-stage questionnaire survey has adopted to achieve the pre-determined aims of the research. Finally, ninety-three DMOs took part in the first stage survey and thirty-four DMOs were involved in the second stage survey. The key findings from the research are as follows. (1) Irrespective of their nature and level, Chinese DMOs attached most importance to the functions of “economic-driver”, “marketing” and “coordination & collaboration”. (2) DMOs attached a second level of importance to the functions of “operator”, “administrator”, “statistics” and “training”; however, particularly at municipality and city levels; also Chinese public DMOs paid more attention to these aspects. (3) Chinese public DMOs, particularly at provincial and city level, placed more emphasis on the functions of “regulator” and “legitimacy”. (4) Chinese higher-level public DMOs paid less attention to the function of “public awareness”, “funding” and “international relations”, however they did performed much better than non-public lower-level DMOs to these tasks. (5) Chinese governmental DMOs at higher-level, and private DMOs, were the best at adopting PMSs in their organisations. (6) The PMSs of Chinese DMOs paid greatest attention to measuring the aspects of “visitor”, “earning” and “marketing”, and medium levels of attention to the aspects of “stakeholder”, “operation” and “event”, and relatively low attention to evaluating their performance of the aspects of “employment” and “innovation” in their organisations. Finally, a refined PMS model that could be adopted by Chinese DMOs in the future was developed at the end. Based on the above findings, the refined model aimed to measure the performance of “stakeholders”, “employees” and “customers” by assessing the outcomes of the aspects of “management” and “marketing” for Chinese DMOs. The refined PMS model was developed and based on the top-down operation system that currently existed in China and was supposed to pursue every major aspect of the system for each stakeholder in the DMOs

The Management of Enriching Farmers in Intellectual Property of Gold Arc Tea Producing Area in China's Anhui Province

The development of agriculture and the protection of intellectual property rights have always been an important strategy of China, realizing the richness of the poor areas is an important policy of our governments, therefore, this paper attempts to promote the farmers' income by making the management of the tea intellectual property rights of gold arc tea producing area in China's Anhui province, and realizes the "precision poverty alleviation" of the region. In this paper, the existing research has been summarized and summarized, the shortcomings of previous studies and the research trends have been analyzed. This paper discusses the status and shortcomings of regional tea intellectual property management from three aspects: development, operation and protection, building a multi participation in the tea industry collaboration management model, and establishing a tea industry management committee as the core of the management system. Finally, the paper gives the specific policy recommendations from six aspects, and discusses the shortcomings and improvement of the article, hoping to help promote the region's poverty alleviation. Keywords: Intellectual property management, Enriching farmers in intellectual property, Gold arc tea producing area, Multi collaborative managemen

Exploring How Tourism Majors’ Perceived Professional Competence Influences Their Choice of Tourism Careers in China

With the rapid development of tourism in China, various economic sectors such as agriculture, sports, food and beverages, cultural heritage, and outdoor adventure have become integrated into the tourism industry. China\u27s tourism industry has changed and these changes now require tourism practitioners to adapt. Chinese universities must also adapt their tourism curriculum and educational practices to reflect changes in the tourism sector. Research suggests that university training programs should increase their emphasis on developing students’ professional competency and expand the range of competencies they address in their curriculum. At the same time, tourism enterprises in China are unable to recruit enough competent employees, resulting in a shortage of qualified workers. To improve the professional competence of tourism students in China, tourism education departments must respond to the needs of, and changes in, the tourism industry. The purpose of this two-phase, mixed-method exploratory design study is to identify the professional competencies that tourism experts in China believe tourism students must acquire, and examine the relationship between these competencies, tourism students’ perceptions of professional competence, and their intent to pursue a career in the tourism sector. The present study began with basic qualitative research in the form of interviews with Chinese tourism experts in China to identify the professional competencies that Chinese tourism students need. During the second stage of research, these results were incorporated into a written questionnaire that was distributed to approximately 800 tourism majors in China. Through the analysis of survey data, we examined the relationship between student demographics, their perceived professional competence, and their intent to pursue a career in the tourism sector. The study results indicate that the causal relationship between students\u27 perceived professional competence and students\u27 intention for a career in tourism is valid. These findings provide theoretical support for improving tourism students\u27 perceived professional competency. The results also suggest strategies to increase the percentage of tourism students who will choose to work in the tourism sector upon graduation