The degree-diameter problem for claw-free graphs and hypergraphs

Please read abstract in the article.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-01182015-08-30hb201

Distributed Deterministic Edge Coloring using Bounded Neighborhood Independence

We study the {edge-coloring} problem in the message-passing model of distributed computing. This is one of the most fundamental and well-studied problems in this area. Currently, the best-known deterministic algorithms for (2Delta -1)-edge-coloring requires O(Delta) + log-star n time \cite{PR01}, where Delta is the maximum degree of the input graph. Also, recent results of \cite{BE10} for vertex-coloring imply that one can get an O(Delta)-edge-coloring in O(Delta^{epsilon} \cdot \log n) time, and an O(Delta^{1 + epsilon})-edge-coloring in O(log Delta log n) time, for an arbitrarily small constant epsilon > 0. In this paper we devise a drastically faster deterministic edge-coloring algorithm. Specifically, our algorithm computes an O(Delta)-edge-coloring in O(Delta^{epsilon}) + log-star n time, and an O(Delta^{1 + epsilon})-edge-coloring in O(log Delta) + log-star n time. This result improves the previous state-of-the-art {exponentially} in a wide range of Delta, specifically, for 2^{Omega(\log-star n)} \leq Delta \leq polylog(n). In addition, for small values of Delta our deterministic algorithm outperforms all the existing {randomized} algorithms for this problem. On our way to these results we study the {vertex-coloring} problem on the family of graphs with bounded {neighborhood independence}. This is a large family, which strictly includes line graphs of r-hypergraphs for any r = O(1), and graphs of bounded growth. We devise a very fast deterministic algorithm for vertex-coloring graphs with bounded neighborhood independence. This algorithm directly gives rise to our edge-coloring algorithms, which apply to {general} graphs. Our main technical contribution is a subroutine that computes an O(Delta/p)-defective p-vertex coloring of graphs with bounded neighborhood independence in O(p^2) + \log-star n time, for a parameter p, 1 \leq p \leq Delta

Parameterized Complexity of Equitable Coloring

A graph on $n$ vertices is equitably $k$-colorable if it is $k$-colorable and every color is used either $\left\lfloor n/k \right\rfloor$ or $\left\lceil n/k \right\rceil$ times. Such a problem appears to be considerably harder than vertex coloring, being $\mathsf{NP\text{-}Complete}$ even for cographs and interval graphs. In this work, we prove that it is $\mathsf{W[1]\text{-}Hard}$ for block graphs and for disjoint union of split graphs when parameterized by the number of colors; and $\mathsf{W[1]\text{-}Hard}$ for $K_{1,4}$-free interval graphs when parameterized by treewidth, number of colors and maximum degree, generalizing a result by Fellows et al. (2014) through a much simpler reduction. Using a previous result due to Dominique de Werra (1985), we establish a dichotomy for the complexity of equitable coloring of chordal graphs based on the size of the largest induced star. Finally, we show that \textsc{equitable coloring} is $\mathsf{FPT}$ when parameterized by the treewidth of the complement graph

Total domination stable graphs upon edge addition

AbstractA set S of vertices in a graph G is a total dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to some vertex in S. The minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of G is the total domination number of G. A graph is total domination edge addition stable if the addition of an arbitrary edge has no effect on the total domination number. In this paper, we characterize total domination edge addition stable graphs. We determine a sharp upper bound on the total domination number of total domination edge addition stable graphs, and we determine which combinations of order and total domination number are attainable. We finish this work with an investigation of claw-free total domination edge addition stable graphs

Three-arc graphs: characterization and domination

An arc of a graph is an oriented edge and a 3-arc is a 4-tuple $(v,u,x,y)$ of vertices such that both $(v,u,x)$ and $(u,x,y)$ are paths of length two. The 3-arc graph of a graph $G$ is defined to have vertices the arcs of $G$ such that two arcs $uv, xy$ are adjacent if and only if $(v,u,x,y)$ is a 3-arc of $G$. In this paper we give a characterization of 3-arc graphs and obtain sharp upper bounds on the domination number of the 3-arc graph of a graph $G$ in terms that of $G$