Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: The Cut Flower Industry (Ecuador)

This study was carried out in the region north of Quito, Ecuador. The researchers interviewed 101 flower workers from 47 flower companies. The study finds that sexual harassment, while rampant, is rarely reported and offenders are not punished

Kultivierungshypothese : eine Bibliographie

Kultivierungshypothese: Eine Bibliographie. Zusammengestellt von Hans J. Wulf

Fairness in Flowers: Campaign Toolkit

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.ILRF_Flowers_ToolKit_2008.pdf: 511 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

The problem of causality in cultivation research

This paper offers an up-to-date review of problems in determining causal relationships in cultivation research, and considers the research rationales of various approaches with special reference to causal interpretation. It describes in turn a number of methodologies for addressing the problem and resolving it as far as this is possible. The issue of causal inference arises not only in cultivation research, however, but is basic to all media effects theories and approaches primarily at the macro-level whose main methodology rests on correlational studies (agenda-setting, spiral of silence, knowledge gap hypothesis, etc.). We therefore first discuss problems of causal interpretation in connection with the cultivation hypothesis, and then sketch in summary how these problems arise with other media effects theories. We first set out the basic features of the cultivation approach, then consider the difficulties with correlational studies and discuss alternative research designs - designs which are not original to us, but have been adapted for cultivation research. These comprise laboratory experiments, sequential studies, social studies and time-series procedures. Finally, we argue for multiple approaches that complement one another's advantages and balance out their disadvantages

Armed violence and poverty in Northeast India: a mini case study for the Armed Violence and Poverty Initiative

YesThis mini report on Northeast India is one of 13 case studies (all of the case studies are available at www.bradford.ac.uk/cics). This research draws upon secondary data sources including existing research studies, reports and evaluations. As DFID does not have any direct development engagement in Northeast India, this report does give any direct programming or policy recommendations. However, it does highlight key issues which need to be addressed for armed violence to be reduced in the region. The authors would like to thank David Seddon for comments made on an earlier draft. The analysis and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policy of DFID or the UK government

The Cultivation Theory and Reality Television: An Old Theory With a Modern Twist

George Gerbner, a Hungarian-born professor of communication, founded the cultivation theory, one of the most popular and regarded theories in the communications world. Developed in the mid 20th century, the theory focus on the long-term effects of television on people. Longer exposure to signs, images and people on television cultivates their perception of reality in the real world. The television became a household staple during this time. Families often spent time together watching programming together, however, it played out different effects for each person. Television\u27s constant visual and auditory stimulation on a person made it easier to cultivate certain messages, thoughts and feelings into a person, making it a powerful media source. The theory\u27s perception of violence shown on television was a main focal point. Violence associated with different races, genders and sexualities cultivated different perceptions of people. Not everyone\u27s perceptions of society, and some demographics are portrayed very negatively. The theory can still be felt today in the 21st century. Television has continued to cultivate new perceptions of society on more generations. New forms of television programming, such as reality television, have ushered in a new way of cultivating messages, thoughts and feelings. I have taken the cultivation theory, and applied it to a popular television show titled, Below Deck. I have analyzed viewers perception of gender, race, relationships, wealth, workplace drama and behavior. I also touched on the cast\u27s interactions and perceptions of the wealthy too. These topics are not new to television, and have found their way into today\u27s television programming for viewers to perceive

Minority Representations in Crime Drama: An Examination of Roles, Identity, and Power

The storytelling ability of television can be observed in any genre. Crime drama offers a unique perspective because victims and offenders change every episode increasing stereotypes with each new character. In other words, the more victims and criminals observed by the audience, the more likely the show creates the perception of a mean world. Based on previous literature, three questions emerged which this study focused on by asking the extent of Criminal Minds’ ability to portray crime accurately compared to the Federal Bureau of Investigations Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the Behavioral Analysis Unit’s (BAU-4) report on serial murderers and how those portrayals changed over the fifteen years of the show. A content analysis was conducted through the lens of cultivation theory, coding 324 episodes which produced a sample size of 354 different cases to answer the research questions. Two additional coders focused on the first, middle, and last episodes of each season (N=45) for reliability. The key findings are low levels of realism with the UCR and high levels of realism with the BAU-4 statistics. Mean-world syndrome was found to be highly likely to be cultivated in heavy viewers. Finally, roles for minority groups did improve overtime for Black and Brown bodies, yet Asian bodies saw a very small increase in representation. LGBT members were nearly nonexistent. The findings indicated that there is still not enough space in television for minority roles and found that the show perpetuated stereotypes. Additional implications and themes include a lack discourse on violence and erasure of sexual assault victims

Pornography and objectification: re-reading “the picture that divided Britain”

This paper examines the significance of the terms objectification and pornography in three key approaches to analysing pornographic texts; an anti-pornography feminist approach, an historical approach focused on pornography and regulation, and an approach which details pornography’s aesthetic transgressiveness. It suggests that while all three approaches continue to be productive for the analysis of sexual representations, their usefulness is limited by a tendency towards essentialism. A discussion of the public controversy around an advert for Opium perfume in 2000 is used to argue that an attentiveness to the context of particular images, and to the variety of reactions they provoke, provides a useful way of developing the analysis of sexual representations and their contemporary significance.</p