legislation and implementation of law enfranchising the nepalese citizens living abroad

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2014masterpublishedYagya PURI

Toward a Global Human Rights Regime for Temporary Migrant Workers: Lessons from the Case of Filipino Workers in the United Arab Emirates

Temporary contract migrants as a class fall between systems of responsibility: home country, host country, and international community. The systems are separately inadequate and basically uncoordinated, leaving migrants in a precarious situation. The situation of temporary contract migrants is even more precarious as they cross international borders without a path to citizenship or full enfranchisement in the political, economic, and social life of the host country. Where citizenship and residence/employment are divided between multiple countries, the corresponding human rights obligations are similarly divided. This division results in migrant rights falling between different state-based systems of responsibility. Human rights can be divided between those that are inherent in citizenship (citizenship obligation) which are the responsibility of the sending state, those that are inherent in the physical body (presence obligation) which are the responsibility of the receiving state, and those that fall between systems of responsibility (involvement obligation) which require sending and receiving countries to act cooperatively. These categories provide clear guidance in sorting out responsibilities for the rights of temporary contract migrants and direct us towards possible avenues for reform. Once adopted, this framework can help guide bilateral or regional agreements on a case-by-case basis. Although the principles underlying split responsibility are universal, the required elements of cooperation are likely to vary between different contexts. This dissertation draws on analyses and interviews conducted with Filipino temporary contract migrants in the United Arab Emirates in order to substantiate the argument, illustrating strategies that migrants as agents utilize to improve their conditions, the tradeoffs that they have made in order to secure their livelihood in a global job market, and the impact that current policy frameworks have on their lived experience

Japanese American ethnicity, identity and power in Hawaiʻi

Preface -- Introduction: political and economic Hawaiʻi circa 2022 -- PERSONAL AND COMMUNITY HISTORY -- Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaiʻi oral history interview with Jonathan Y. Okamura -- Race relations in Hawaiʻi during World War II: the noninternment of Japanese Americans -- ETHNICITY AND IDENTITY -- Baseball and beauty queens: the political context of ethnic boundary making in the Japanese American community in Hawaiʻi -- Japanese Americans: toward symbolic identity -- Japanese American and Okinawan American transnationalism in Hawaiʻi and the continental United States -- POLITICAL POWER -- Power and ethnicity: post 1986 -- Japanese American settler colonial power in Hawaiʻ

TikTok Videos as a Platform for Political Education among Overseas Filipino Workers in Qatar

This thesis examined the use of TikTok videos as a platform for political education among overseas Filipino voters in Qatar during the May 2022 elections. With the increasing popularity and influence of social media in political discourse, this study aimed to explore the potential of TikTok as a tool for engaging and informing voters, particularly the overseas Filipino community residing in Qatar. Through an internet survey approach, data was collected from a sample of 1.5% registered voters in Qatar, focusing on their perception and behavioral intention towards using TikTok for political education. The study revealed optimistic perceptions among respondents, highlighting the effectiveness of TikTok's visual and interactive features in disseminating political information. However, the study also acknowledges limitations, including the small sample size and the need for further investigation into specific candidates or political parties. The research emphasizes the need for future studies to examine the influence of TikTok on voting patterns and expand the scope to include a larger sample size and multiple social media platforms

The Philippine \u27diasporic dividend\u27: Maximizing the development potentials of international migration

The annual Globalization Index produced by A.T. Kearney and ForeignPolicy magazine has consistently evaluated remittances as the prime feature of the Philippines’ performance in the global economy. Index results from 2004 to 2007 reveal that “remittances and personal transfers” are the main strengths of the Philippines’ role and participation in globalization, ranking either first or second in these categories. This is a significant record considering the Philippines remains at the bottom of the standings in other categories, such as foreign direct investments and investment income (A.T. Kearney, 2004, 2005, 2006 2007). It must be noted, however, that such globalization surveys do not provide the end-all indicators of Philippine socio-economic performance.Nevertheless, economic analyses on the Philippines by multilateral institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund reached similar conclusions—while there is growth, the sup-posed benefits of job generation and poverty reduction are still not happening. The service industry is the best-performing sector of thePhilippine macro-economy and governance problems still prevail (Bocchi, 2008; Fujita and Seshadri, 2007).In light of the Philippines’ current socio-economic environment it seems that overseas Filipinos and their remittances have made a difference in their home country by driving a consumption-driven economy, buffering financial reserves, filling up domestic employment short falls for the bulging labor force, and easing possible socio-political conflicts(Opiniano, 2004a; International Monetary Fund, 2007; Aldaba, 2007;Opiniano, 2007).It is not surprising, then, that the Philippines has become the globalmodel for managing the exodus of her citizens (International Organization for Migration, 2005:242). But what are the returns to the country?In recent years, business leaders like Doris Magsaysay-Ho have been asking critical questions on how international migration by Filipinos can be calibrated into the general scheme of things in the Philippines (Opiniano, 2006a) In this period of Philippine socio-economic history and of international migration movements by Filipinos, what future besides the exodus awaits the country (Opiniano, 2004:52)? Can this archipelago, a global leader in managing international migration attain a significant diasporic dividend amid continuous overseas mobility (Opiniano, 2007a)? This paper aims to answer these questions by using an economic- based approach, specifically through the framework of the diasporic dividend. It first contextualizes the discussion by briefly describing the Philippine socio-economic and political situation. In view of continued overseas migration, the authors propose a framework that discusses the various channels in which a Philippine diasporic dividend can be achieved in the medium to long term period. The paper ends by enumerating constraints in achieving such a dividend, as well as presenting the challenges that face various stakeholders, especially overseas Filipinos

Demographic and Economic Trends: Implications for International Mobility

About three percent of the world’s 6.1 billion people were international migrants in 2000. Population growth is expected to slow between 2000 and 2050 in comparison to 1950-2000, but international migration is expected to rise as persisting demographic and economic inequalities that motivate migration interact with revolutions in communications and transportation that enable people to cross borders. The default policy option to manage what is sometimes deemed out-of-control migration, adjusting the rights of migrants, is unsatisfactory, prompting this review of longer term factors affecting migration patterns, including aging in industrial countries, rural-urban migration that spills over national borders, and the migration infrastructure of agents and networks that moves people. The paper concludes with an assessment of the likely effects of the 2008-09 recession on international migration.Global population and labor force; aging, international migration, rural-urban migration, recession and migration

Demographic and Economic Trends: Implications for International Mobility

About three percent of the world’s 6.1 billion people were international migrants in 2000. Population growth is expected to slow between 2000 and 2050 in comparison to 1950-2000, but international migration is expected to rise as persisting demographic and economic inequalities that motivate migration interact with revolutions in communications and transportation that enable people to cross borders. The default policy option to manage what is sometimes deemed out-of-control migration, adjusting the rights of migrants, is unsatisfactory, prompting this review of longer term factors affecting migration patterns, including aging in industrial countries, rural-urban migration that spills over national borders, and the migration infrastructure of agents and networks that moves people. The paper concludes with an assessment of the likely effects of the 2008-09 recession on international migration.Global population and labor force; aging, international migration, rural-urban migration, recession and migration

April 3, 1986

The Breeze is the student newspaper of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia

Displaying Race at the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition

World expositions of the nineteenth and early twentieth century often displayed the latest anthropological, ethnological, biological, and technological research on race and ethnicity, promoting the view that whites were superior to all other peoples. The Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition of 1907, held in Norfolk, Virginia to commemorate the three-hundred anniversary of the founding of the Jamestown settlement and its contribution to the building of the United States, offers an opportunity to examine American perspectives on whiteness, race, and society. First, the Jamestown Exposition offered a glimpse into the historical memory of white America, especially the influential citizens that comprised the controlling entity behind the event, the Jamestown Exposition Company, as they determined how to commemorate the founding of Jamestown, United States history, and race and ethnicity. Second, the event offered a view of race relations in the United States in the first decade of the twentieth century, as several components of the exposition displayed information about minorities and persons of color in the United States and around the world, placing them in the dominant, white narrative offered in the records, histories, souvenirs, and exhibits of the event. Third, the Jamestown Exposition offered a window into the growing movement to advance the rights and status of African Americans, as evidenced by the efforts of the Negro Development and Exposition Company (N.D.E.C.), which used its building and exhibits to provide a more accurate and less biased history of African Americans and promote the view that they were industrious, competent, and worthy of equal status with white Americans. The Jamestown Exposition reflected the dominant narrative of race in the United States, created and controlled by white Americans and promoting the view that whites were superior. While exhibitions included commemorations of American Indians and displayed various peoples such as Filipinos, the central focus of this thesis is the African American attempt to take control of the display of their race rather than allow the Jamestown Exposition Company and white Americans to perpetuate their racist views. African Americans who participated in the Jamestown Exposition sought to overcome the overwhelming racism from white Americans by taking matters into their own hands and illustrating their worth and equality through education exhibits. Ultimately, the narrative of white superiority, scientific racism, and nonwhite exploitation dominated the event, included in the exhibits, guides, histories, and souvenirs of the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition