The role of the eucharist in the making of an ecclesiology according to haimo of auxerre’s commentary on I cor

Carolingian biblical exegesis presents itself as a synthesis of exegetical and theological patristic tradition in order to make it affordable to the Christians of that time. The result of that process are interpretations of biblical texts that can be considered new, though based on the texts of the Fathers. Among them it is possible to find images of the Church containing ideas about power or how to govern and to order society. This paper studies Haimo of Auxerre’s commentary on I Cor 12, 12 et seq in order to establish the author’s concept of ’body of Christ’, in the context of the Eucharistic controversy of the ninth century. It also studies the ideological consequences of his exegesis.Fil: Hernandez Rodriguez, Alfonso Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina. Universidad de la Defensa Nacional; Argentin

Optimal manoeuver trajectory synthesis for autonomous space and aerial vehicles and robots

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. In this paper the problem of the synthesis of optimal manoeuver trajectories for autonomous space vehicles and robots is revisited. It is shown that it is entirely feasible to construct optimal manoeuver trajectories from considerations of only the rigid body kinematics rather than the complete dynamics of the space vehicle or robot under consideration. Such an approach lends itself to several simplifications which allow the optimal angular velocity and translational velocity profiles to be constructed, purely from considerations of the body kinematic relations. In this paper the body kinematics is formulated, in general, in terms of the quaternion representation attitude and the angular velocities are considered to be the steering inputs. The optimal inputs for a typical attitude manoeuver is synthesized by solving for the states and co-states defined by a two point boundary value problem. A typical example of a space vehicle pointing problem is considered and the optimal torque inputs for the synthesis of a reference attitude trajectory and the reference trajectories are obtained

The constitution of objectivities in consciousness in Ideas I and Ideas II

In this paper, I present the difficulty in the phenomenology of explaining the constitution of objectivities in consciousness. In the context of phenomenological reduction, constitution has to be understood as unveiling the universal and necessary essences. Recognized by Husserl in Ideas I and named as functional problems, the constitution of objectivities refers at first to individual consciousness, and then to an intersubjective one. In Ideas II, the phenomenologist explains how the constitution of nature, psyche, and spirit occurs. This process begins by assuming three premises: the ontological realism, the regularity of nature, and the transcendental idealism. In this process, the ego, apart from constituting objects (the body, the psyche, and the others), constitutes itself. The objects of material reality are constituted through aesthetic synthesis which unifies singularities and contextualizes the lived experience. The body, as a perceptive organ, perceives the exterior, and the location of the sensory stimulus is the soul. The soul is a real and transcendent object, which is linked to physical things that are constituted in a solipsistic way or intersubjectively. Empathy allows the subject to recognize the consciousness of the alter ego as capable of spontaneous movements and actions, a co-presence sharing the same horizons. Thus, through the theoretical attitude, the physical world is perceived, and through the spiritual attitude the spiritual world is perceived, a living world shared by free intelligent beings. For this, intersubjectivity fulfills a fundamental role, because only in the relationship with the other does the identity of the objects, of the other, and of the self become evident

RNA Localization and Local Translation in Glia in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons from Neurons

Cell polarity is crucial for almost every cell in our body to establish distinct structural and functional domains. Polarized cells have an asymmetrical morphology and therefore their proteins need to be asymmetrically distributed to support their function. Subcellular protein distribution is typically achieved by localization peptides within the protein sequence. However, protein delivery to distinct cellular compartments can rely, not only on the transport of the protein itself but also on the transport of the mRNA that is then translated at target sites. This phenomenon is known as local protein synthesis. Local protein synthesis relies on the transport of mRNAs to subcellular domains and their translation to proteins at target sites by the also localized translation machinery. Neurons and glia specially depend upon the accurate subcellular distribution of their proteome to fulfil their polarized functions. In this sense, local protein synthesis has revealed itself as a crucial mechanism that regulates proper protein homeostasis in subcellular compartments. Thus, deregulation of mRNA transport and/or of localized translation can lead to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Local translation has been more extensively studied in neurons than in glia. In this review article, we will summarize the state-of-the art research on local protein synthesis in neuronal function and dysfunction, and we will discuss the possibility that local translation in glia and deregulation thereof contributes to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.This paper was partially funded by grants awarded to J.B. (MICINN grants SAF2016-76347-R, RYC-2016-19837 and PID2019-110721RB-I00; The Alzheimer’s Association grant AARG-19-618303) and E.A. (MICINN grant PID2019-108465RB-I00; Basque Government grant PIBA-2020-1-0012). M.B.-U. is a UPV/EHU fellow; A.G.-B. is a FPU (FPU17/04891) fellow; M.G. and A.d.l.C. are GV fellows

Antioxidants at Newborns

Humans possess defense mechanisms against free radicals: enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidant defense is deficient in newborns and can be enhanced by the action of reactive oxygen species, generated by perinatal diseases such as respiratory distress or asphyxia. Prematurity itself will be associated with deficient antioxidant mechanisms, which are primarily enzymatic, but also non-enzymatic. Under oxidative stress conditions, antioxidant defense is overcome and thus, low-molecular weight free iron is released, which is not bound to transferrin and will play a role in Fenton’s reaction, catalyzing lipid peroxidation. The generated ROS will in turn influence antioxidant defense mechanisms, stimulating their synthesis, as an adaptation mechanism of the body in response to the presence of increased ROS levels

Tests of a Posthumanist (Franciscan) Religion: The Case of Michel Serres

Starting from the question of whether there is still a space for religious experience in posthumanist reflection, and if so, how this space can be configured, the contribution first examines nerve nodes/junctions, such as body/nudity, bonds/intersections, Biogea/Sciences of Life and Earth, in which the thought of Michel Serres, at the same time, is intertwined, so to speak, with the posthumanist one, and develops its Franciscanism. Through this analysis, the contribution opens itself the possibility of identifying/proposing, in an idea of religion (religio) as etymologically understood by Serres in the sense of bond/relationship/universal binder of livings (religare), humans and things, the space/justification of religious experience in and for the posthumanism. Mysticism of immanence within the Posthumanism? Maybe... But even further: the way is in fact that of bonding, inclusion, synthesis

Integrating Diverse Methodologies and Strategies for the Total Synthesis of Certain Alkaloids and Terpenoids

The body of this thesis is comprised of five scientific articles and is preceded by an overview that contextualizes all of this published/submitted/to be submitted work. The first major part of this thesis is comprised of publication 1. This is a review concerned with the application of Raney-cobalt in organic synthesis. The author's work described in publications 2 and 3 featured Raney-cobalt mediated reductive cyclization reactions as key steps in the construction of the framework of various uleine alkaloids and certain of these are highlighted in this review. Publication 2 comprises the second major part of this thesis. This article details the total syntheses of some key members of uleine alkaloid family (specifically uleine, noruleine, dasycarpidone, nordasycarpidone) by using, as key steps, a palladium-catalysed Ullmann cross-coupling reaction to generate key coupling product and the immediate reductive cyclization of this so as to assemble the uleine alkaloid framework. The third major part of this thesis is comprised of publication 3. This article describes the total synthesis of uleine alkaloid gilbertine. The key intermediate embodying the framework of uleine-type alkaloids was assembled by the Raney-cobalt mediated reductive cyclization of an nitrile compound which was itself constructed via a reaction sequence including a palladium-catalysed Ullmann cross-coupling process. The end-game associated with the synthesis involved a cationic (and possibly biomimetic) cyclisation reaction that established the final, tetrahydropyran ring of gilbertine. The fourth major part of this thesis is comprised of publication 4. This details the total synthesis of a marine-derived sesquiterpene (+)-viridianol. The target molecule was derived from a key intermediate cyclobutone through various functional group manipulations. This cyclobutone was prepared through a photochemically-promoted 1,3-acyl migration reaction involving the cyclopentannulated bicyclo[2.2.2]-octenone, itself constructed from the homochiral compound cis-1,2-dihydrocatechol using Negishi cross-coupling and intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) cycloaddition reactions as key steps. The starting material, a cis-1,2-dihydrocatechol, was obtained through the whole-cell biotransformation of p-iodotoluene using a genetically engineered micro-organism over-expressing the enzyme toluene dioxygenase. The fifth major part of this thesis is comprised of publication 5. This article details a model study relevant to the total synthesis of the marine-derived sesquiterpene (+)-viridianol. Specifically, two structurally related ring-fused cyclopropanes were subjected to the same hydrogenolytic conditions. However, they showed dramatically divergent behavior

Against the Virtual: Kleinherenbrink’s Externality Thesis and Deleuze’s Machine Ontology

Drawing from Arjen Kleinherenbrink's recent book, Against Continuity: Gilles Deleuze's Speculative Realism (2019), this paper undertakes a detailed review of Kleinherenbrink's fourfold "externality thesis" vis-à-vis Deleuze's machine ontology. Reading Deleuze as a philosopher of the actual, this paper renders Deleuzean syntheses as passive contemplations, pulling other (passive) entities into an (active) experience and designating relations as expressed through contraction. In addition to reviewing Kleinherenbrink's book (which argues that the machine ontology is a guiding current that emerges in Deleuze's work after Difference and Repetition) alongside much of Deleuze's oeuvre, we relate and juxtapose Deleuze's machine ontology to positions concerning externality held by a host of speculative realists. Arguing that the machine ontology has its own account of interaction, change, and novelty, we ultimately set to prove that positing an ontological "cut" on behalf of the virtual realm is unwarranted because, unlike the realm of actualities, it is extraneous to the structure of becoming-that is, because it cannot be homogenous, any theory of change vis-à-vis the virtual makes it impossible to explain how and why qualitatively different actualities are produced

Husserl and Stein on the phenomenology of empathy: perception and explication

Within the phenomenological tradition, one frequently finds the bold claim that interpersonal understanding is rooted in a sui generis form of intentional experience, most commonly labeled empathy (Einfühlung). The following paper explores this claim, emphasizing its distinctive character, and examining the phenomenological considerations offered in its defense by two of its main proponents, Edmund Husserl and Edith Stein. After offering in section 2 some preliminary indications of how empathy should be understood, I then turn to some characterizations of its distinctive structure, considering, in section 3, the Husserlian claim that certain forms of empathy are perceptual in nature, and in section 4, Stein’s insistence that empathetic experience frequently involves explicating the other’s own intentional experiences. Section 5 concludes by assessing the extent to which their analyses lead support to a conception of empathy as an intuitive experience of other minds