1994 OURE report, including the 4th Annual UMR Undergraduate Research Symposium -- Entire Proceedings

The Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience program began in 1990. This volume constitutes the proceedings of the fourth annual OURE program. The goals of the program are: (1) to expand opportunities for a more active form of learning by students; (2) to encourage the direct interaction of undergraduate students with faculty through research; (3) to expand the level of research activity on the campus; (4) to help encourage superior students to pursue graduate study; and (5) to reinforce the idea that teaching and research are compatible and mutually reinforcing at a research university. The OURE program continues to achieve its goals -- UMR students have performed research on a wide variety of topics, have worked closely with faculty and have experienced first-hand both the excitement and the frustration of performing research. This volume contains papers presented at the fourth annual UMR Undergraduate Research Symposium held on March 23, 1994, and final reports of students participating in the 1993-94 OURE program. Students in the OURE program are encouraged to participate in the Symposium and participation increased substantially this year. Through programs such as this, the University of Missouri--Rolla, Missouri’s Technological University, continues to provide opportunities for its undergraduate students to further their research experiences in preparation for their future endeavors

Mechanical characterisation and modelling of resistance welding

Resistance welding is used very extensively in industry for a wide range of applications. Knowledge and measurement of the dynamic characteristics of resistance welding equipment is important in the design of the equipment and in optimization of welding procedures using finite element software. This is especially true for projection welding where accurate measurements of effective lumped mass and damping of the welding head as well as its maximal acceleration and velocity are required for accurate modelling. This thesis describes a new concept where a mechanical model of the welding head is used together with the imposition of a mechanical load step function with simultaneous measurement of resulting head motion to calculate effective lumped mass and damping factor. Two test systems were devised to implement the step function. In the “free fracture test”, a metal or ceramic bar is loaded to its breaking point and resulting welding head velocity is measured. This data allows accurate calculation of machine parameters. The second test uses the explosion of a small metallic element to impose a step function, when the welding current causes the metallic element to explode. The final version of this test “the exploding button test” uses a small cylindrical element fabricated from welding filler wire, with the advantage that both button geometry and material can be controlled. The exploding button test has proved to be very effective, can easily be used for in-situ measurements and avoids the vibrations associated with the free fracture test. These test were applied to evaluate a range of resistance welding machines. Finally, an innovative projection geometry was developed to significantly increase projection weld quality and this design has now been used extensively in industry. The techniques developed in this thesis have been shown to be practical and effective and have enabled much better understanding of machine kinematics. The measurements provide essential data for modelling of projection welding and in guiding the development of resistance welding machines and procedures.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Mathematical model of interactions immune system with Micobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in the world, because of the increasing prevalence and treatment outcomes are less satisfactory. About 3 million people die each year and an estimated one third of the world's population infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M.tb) is latent. This is apparently related to incomplete understanding of the immune system in infection M.tb. When this has been known that immune responses that play a role in controlling the development of M.tb is Macrophages, T Lymphocytes and Cytokines as mediators. However, how the interaction between the two populations and a variety of cytokines in suppressing the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis germ is still unclear. To be able to better understand the dynamics of infection with M tuberculosis host immune response is required of a model.One interesting study on the interaction of the immune system with M.tb mulalui mathematical model approach. Mathematical model is a good tool in understanding the dynamic behavior of a system. With the mediation of mathematical models are expected to know what variables are most responsible for suppressing the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis germ that can be a more appropriate approach to treatment and prevention target is to develop a vaccine. This research aims to create dynamic models of interaction between macrophages (Macrophages resting, macrophages activated and macrophages infected), T lymphocytes (CD4 + T cells and T cells CD8 +) and cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10,IL-12,IFN-dan TNF-) on TB infection in the lung. To see the changes in each variable used parameter values derived from experimental literature. With the understanding that the variable most responsible for defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis germs, it can be used as the basis for the development of a vaccine or drug delivery targeted so hopefully will improve the management of patients with tuberculosis. Mathematical models used in building Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) in the form of differential equation systems Non-linear first order, the equation contains the functions used in biological systems such as the Hill function, Monod function, Menten- Kinetic Function. To validate the system used 4th order Runge Kutta method with the help of software in making the program Matlab or Maple to view the behavior and the quantity of cells of each population