Design of real time intelligent buses notification system for passengers

Waiting passengers at bus stops for their desired buses seems a commonly observed phenomenon. The obvious reason behind is increased personal vehicle, causing traffic jams. The requirement of a reliable public transport monitoring system is actually the outcome from this unnecessary congestion of traffic observed. Since most of the modern technologies for the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) have developed since more than 15 years. The need of a Global Positioning/ inertial (GPS/INS) augmentation with a reliable communication system stems from the shortcomings of each individual technology. Besides further advancement, the researchers are now developing implementable technologies for the ease of mankind so that problems related to daily life could be solved. In this dissertation, a new real time intelligent public transport movement monitoring system and station reporting based on GPS and succession of RF Radio Chips is presented. From the societal perspective, the major apprehension of this research, under the framework of a public transit network with bus service providers and users, presents detailed technical solutions for different buses' routes with poles apart IDs using multi technologies applied. GPS is selected to achieve the position data. In order to build the most convenient and reliable system, map matching for location data comparison using optimization technique, Design of Experiment (DOE) is applied. Using the techniques, one single route’s coordinates are optimized to single equation, whose output is the bus stop number in accordance to the bus stop coordinates received. The equation is obtained after a number of run through simulation and then successfully trained to the MCU. Road networks are one of the important surveillance tools in the proposed transport navigation system. In the proposed system, a careful and implementable deployment (hundreds of meters apart) of the ranging sensors is suggested for the cost-effective multi ID buses information at their particular bus stops. These are made configured to create a dedicated network for individual bus ID. Thereby, the extraordinary quality can be shown which is realized by the described algorithms. The experimental results show the promising outcomes. The statistical analysis of equation provides up to 98% efficiency while the designed prototype showed a remarkable agreement between the simulated and actual results. The proposed system surely have the ability to improve the comfortable visibility of moving vehicle at another node as well its smooth and linear transmission to the bus stations by sophisticated transceiver modules, which led people to take a decision either to wait for bus or not. This system can also be supportive to change the trend of people from using their own vehicles to public transport, which lead to solve major problem related to energy consumption, environment and traffic congestio

Role of metered taxis in the integrated and sustainable public transportation system in Durban

Since the advent of democracy in 1994, the taxi industry transformation concentrated mainly on the minibus taxi type services such that not much focus was given to the metered taxi industry. The metered taxi industry is also a very important mode of public transport in the context of South Africa’s vision of modal integration and integrated, seamless public passenger transport services. Drawing from the research project undertaken, this paper presents the findings of the study of metered taxis in Ethekwini Municipality (Durban). Using interviews with key informants as well as secondary data sources, the study investigated issues relating to the status quo of the metered taxi industry in Durban, highlighting existing issues and concerns of all role players and review existing policies and strategies for the metered taxi industry. The main motivation of this research was to contribute to finding solutions that can assist the metered taxi industry to succeed and grow in Durban and hopefully, as metered taxi industry have done in other countries, contributing to the hospitality and tourism industries that will lead to economic growth in Durban and the country as a whole

Dünyadaki farklı tarifelere uyarlanabilen yeni bir taksimetre algoritması tasarımı ve uygulaması

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: Taksi, taksimetre, taksi tarife, hesaplama algoritması Dünyadaki taksi tarifeleri, ülkelerin veya şehirlerin gelişmişlik ve gelir düzeyi, şehrin planı, coğrafi, idari ve kültürel yapısı ile yaşanan tecrübeler gibi birçok faktöre bağlı olarak basitten karmaşığa çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Tarifelerdeki bu çeşitliliğe rağmen taksimetrelerin çoğu bulundukları ülke veya yakın bölgelerdeki şehirlerin taksi tarifelerine hitap etmektedir. Günümüzde özellikle şehirler geliştikçe artan sorunlara bağlı olarak insanların ve araçların yönlendirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Genellikle şehirlerde taksiler için alınan tarife kararlarında mevcut taksimetrelerin kapasite ve kabiliyetleri dikkate alınmaktadır. Bu sistem sayesinde birçok şehirde parça parça uygulanan farklı taksi tarifelerindeki alternatifli şartların hepsinin kullanılabilmesi mümkün hale getirilmiştir. Böylece tarife konusunda karar alıcıların ellerindeki seçeneklerle, şehrin durumuna göre taksi ve müşterilerini yönlendirme kabiliyetleri artmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile dünyadaki birçok ülke ve şehirdeki taksi tarifelerinde var olan ve olabilecek birçok şart dikkate alınmıştır. Olabildiğince farklı tarifeler incelenerek parametre ve seçenekler listelenmiş, ortak noktalar belirlenerek taksimetreler için kapsayıcı ve bol seçenekli bir tarife yükleme ve hesaplama sistemi oluşturulmuştur. Sistem basit ve karmaşık tarifelerde denenerek sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca oluşturulan hesaplama algoritması kullanılarak çalışan taksimetre tasarımı endüstriyel bir ürüne dönüştürülmüştür.Keywords: Taxi, taximeter, taximeter tariff, calculation algorithm Taxi tariffs in the World have a lot of diversity from simple to complex as depend development and income level of the country or city, city plans, experiences, geographical, administrative and cultural structure of the cities. Despite the diversity of the rates, most of taximeters have been designed according to taxi tariffs of their countries or near region cities. Today, to steer vehicles and humans are needed as depends increasing problems especially with development of cities. Generally, capacity and ability of present taximeters are took into account at the tariff changes for taxis in the cities. Thanks to this system, it is made possible to use of all alternative conditions in different taxi tariffs which applied as pieced in the a lot of cities. So, with options in hand of decision-makers about tariff, ability of steer of decision-makers taxi and their customers will increase. With this study, it has been taken into account several conditions which are available or may be occured related to taxi tariffs in a lot of country or city of the World. All parameter and options have been listed after as much as possible different tariffs was examined, with inclusive and plenty of choice a tariff loading and calculation system has been realized determining common points for taximeters. Results have been evaluated after the system was tried on simple and complex tariffs. Also, running meter design by using the realized calculation algorithm has been converted a product

A Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbors Classifier to Deal with Imperfect Data

© 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Soft Computing. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2567-xThe k-nearest neighbors method (kNN) is a nonparametric, instance-based method used for regression and classification. To classify a new instance, the kNN method computes its k nearest neighbors and generates a class value from them. Usually, this method requires that the information available in the datasets be precise and accurate, except for the existence of missing values. However, data imperfection is inevitable when dealing with real-world scenarios. In this paper, we present the kNNimp classifier, a k-nearest neighbors method to perform classification from datasets with imperfect value. The importance of each neighbor in the output decision is based on relative distance and its degree of imperfection. Furthermore, by using external parameters, the classifier enables us to define the maximum allowed imperfection, and to decide if the final output could be derived solely from the greatest weight class (the best class) or from the best class and a weighted combination of the closest classes to the best one. To test the proposed method, we performed several experiments with both synthetic and realworld datasets with imperfect data. The results, validated through statistical tests, show that the kNNimp classifier is robust when working with imperfect data and maintains a good performance when compared with other methods in the literature, applied to datasets with or without imperfection

Avaliação da precisão de posicionamento inerente à utilização de sistemas GPS de baixo custo, receptores utilizados para navegação

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Municipal (área de especialização em Planeamento Urbanístico)O presente trabalho trata sobre a análise do erro de posição obtido com a utilização de receptores GPS de navegação. Estes aparelhos receptores, como se tornaram de aquisição corrente, podem ser utilizados para outros serviços que não a navegação, quer em estrada quer fora dela, bastando para isso conhecer a precisão associada ao aparelho. Esta precisão pode ser variável, dependendo da qualidade da recepção dos dados. Para objectivos associados a actividades de planeamento e gestão do território, a precisão conseguida com esse tipo de equipamento pode ser utilizada em determinadas situações, dependendo dos respectivos objectivos. Assim, considerou-se pertinente fazer uma avaliação de qual a precisão possível para esse tipo de equipamentos GPS e se o erro associado pode ser minorado recorrendo a técnicas de pós-processamento. Deste modo, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia que, recorrendo a receptores GPS de navegação, permitiu avaliar a viabilidade de efectuar levantamentos com precisão adequada a alguns trabalhos de posicionamento. Para confrontação dos resultados utilizou-se um equipamento GPS para Geodesia, portanto um aparelho com precisão sub-métrica e de custo bastante mais elevado. Os resultados destas comparações são analisados e são apresentadas as conclusões obtidas que revelam a validade de utilização deste equipamento até escalas de 1/5000.The objective of this research is to analyse the position error obtained with the use of GPS receivers for navigation. These device receptors, as they become of general acquisition, may be used for services other than navigation, on road or off-road, if we simple know the accuracy associated with the device. This accuracy can be variable, depending on the quality of reception of data. For purposes related to planning and management activities in territory, the accuracy achieved with this type of equipment can be used in certain situations, depending on their objectives. Therefore, the application in a study has shown the accuracy of this type of GPS equipment and the results highlighted that the associated error can be reduced using post-processing. Thus, the proposed methodology evaluates the accuracy of survey with GPS receivers for navigation. Also a comparative analysis was made with a Geodetic GPS, a device with sub-metric accuracy and a much higher cost. The results of these comparisons are analyzed and the conclusions are presented showing the validity of using this equipment to scales of 1 / 5000

Urban Informatics

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity

Urban Informatics

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity

Urban Informatics

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity