Hate Speech on the Internet: Crime or Free Speech?

The Internet has a lot of positive features. It gives users fast access to information, allows for communication with others who might otherwise be out of reach, and much more; however, the Internet allows for a lot of negativity as well. There has been an increase in hate based activity on social media, and the anonymity and flexibility afforded by the Internet has made harassment and expressions of hate easy, thus making it much harder to implement traditional law enforcement. This paper gives a history of hate speech in America, and examines the difficulties of regulating hate speech on the Internet through various hate speech cases. It explores the need of the legal system to clarify the difference between unprotected and protected speech, and narrow and clarify what constitutes a “true threat” or “intent”. The paper progresses to consider how social media platforms stop harm caused by hate speech and includes solutions proposed by legislators on how to regulate unprotected categories of speech. Further, it argues that there needs to be a clear, universally accepted definition of hate speech, and provide lower Courts with guidance. This paper proves that without a proper clarification or a definition, it will remain confusing for all

MALAYSIAN SIGN LANGUAGE FLASH CARD MOBILE APPLICATION

Malaysian particularly is lacking the awareness to communicate with speech/hearing impaired OKU. The purpose of this project is to develop a mobile application intended to aid users to learn and assist communication using Malaysian Sign Language. The current problem faced by current solutions that aims to connect the communication gap between speech/hearing impaired OKU and hearing people such as through books and the internet is in the fact that they are not practically available and readily-accessible in certain circumstances. Classes and translator will cost a fortune to acquire; therefore, they are a rather undesirable alternative to improve communication between speech/hearing impaired OKU and hearing people as well as aiding the learning process of Malaysian Sign Language. The proposed system had developed to include a solution to all these problems. For one, being a mobile application allows for it to be readily-accessible and available at all times. It does not require any connection to the internet which can be limited in certain places or times. The application would allow hearing people to translate the words they wish to communicate to the speech/hearing impaired OKU as a hand gesture for the person to perform. The prototype had been developed using the Netbeans IDE (7.1.1) with Android SDK plug-ins due to the system being targeted for the current time being at the Android platform. The basic requirements of the system were based on the research conducted during this study to determine what criteria are to be studied and implemented in the application

Voice Operated Information System in Slovak

Speech communication interfaces (SCI) are nowadays widely used in several domains. Automated spoken language human-computer interaction can replace human-human interaction if needed. Automatic speech recognition (ASR), a key technology of SCI, has been extensively studied during the past few decades. Most of present systems are based on statistical modeling, both at the acoustic and linguistic levels. Increased attention has been paid to speech recognition in adverse conditions recently, since noise-resistance has become one of the major bottlenecks for practical use of speech recognizers. Although many techniques have been developed, many challenges still have to be overcome before the ultimate goal -- creating machines capable of communicating with humans naturally -- can be achieved. In this paper we describe the research and development of the first Slovak spoken language dialogue system. The dialogue system is based on the DARPA Communicator architecture. The proposed system consists of the Galaxy hub and telephony, automatic speech recognition, text-to-speech, backend, transport and VoiceXML dialogue management modules. The SCI enables multi-user interaction in the Slovak language. Functionality of the SLDS is demonstrated and tested via two pilot applications, ``Weather forecast for Slovakia'' and ``Timetable of Slovak Railways''. The required information is retrieved from Internet resources in multi-user mode through PSTN, ISDN, GSM and/or VoIP network

A new dynamic speech encryption algorithm based on lorenz chaotic map over internet protocol

This paper introduces a dynamic speech encryption algorithm based on Lorenz chaotic map over internet protocol to enhance the services of the real-time applications such as increases the security level and reduces latency. The proposed algorithm was divided into two processes: dynamic key generation process using 128-bit hash value to dynamically alter the initial secret keys, and encryption and decryption process using Lorenz system. In the proposed algorithm, the performance evaluation is carried out through efficient simulations and implementations and statistical analysis. In addition, the average time delay in the proposed algorithm and some of the existing algorithms such as AES is compared. The obtained results concluded that, the proposed dynamic speech encryption algorithm is effectually secured against various cryptanalysis attacks and has useful cryptographic properties such as confusion and diffusion for better voice communication in the voice applications field in the Internet

Satisfaction With In-Home Speech Telerehabilitation in Post-Stroke Aphasia: an Exploratory Analysis

Patient satisfaction with healthcare has a major impact on clinical outcomes and compliance. Satisfaction with telehealth services for speech and language problems has been documented but not in post-stroke aphasia. The main objective here was to evaluate patient satisfaction with speech tele rehabilitation based on the PACE pragmatic rehabilitation approach in post-stroke aphasia. This study was embedded in a pre-/post-test feasibility and efficacy study in which 20 patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia received 3 weeks of speech therapy (9 sessions) through in-home tele-rehabilitation. A telerehabilitation platform based on a commercial videoconferencing system (Tandberg 550 MXP) with custom software was used to transmit audio, video and data through a high-speed Internet connection between the participant’s home and the clinician. Participants’ satisfaction with in-home telerehabilitation and healthcare received was assessed using French adaptations of the Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire and Health Care Satisfaction Questionnaire. Satisfaction with functional communication, i.e. communication in common situations of daily life, was compared pre- and post-intervention with participants and caregivers. Participants’ satisfaction with in-home telerehabilitation was excellent (94%±4.3%). Satisfaction with healthcare received was good overall (80%±11.4%) and for three factors measured independently, i.e. relationship with healthcare professional (84%±12.5%), services delivered (73%±13.8%), and general healthcare  organization (84%±12.0%). Participants’ and caregivers’ satisfaction with communication was higher after the intervention (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and was correlated with age (r=-0.60; p=0.007). Patients with post-stroke aphasia receiving speech tele-therapy were very satisfied with this service delivery method. Also, technology use was not an issue for seniors post-stroke

MALAYSIAN SIGN LANGUAGE FLASH CARD MOBILE APPLICATION

Malaysian particularly is lacking the awareness to communicate with speech/hearing impaired OKU. The purpose of this project is to develop a mobile application intended to aid users to learn and assist communication using Malaysian Sign Language. The current problem faced by current solutions that aims to connect the communication gap between speech/hearing impaired OKU and hearing people such as through books and the internet is in the fact that they are not practically available and readily-accessible in certain circumstances. Classes and translator will cost a fortune to acquire; therefore, they are a rather undesirable alternative to improve communication between speech/hearing impaired OKU and hearing people as well as aiding the learning process of Malaysian Sign Language. The proposed system had developed to include a solution to all these problems. For one, being a mobile application allows for it to be readily-accessible and available at all times. It does not require any connection to the internet which can be limited in certain places or times. The application would allow hearing people to translate the words they wish to communicate to the speech/hearing impaired OKU as a hand gesture for the person to perform. The prototype had been developed using the Netbeans IDE (7.1.1) with Android SDK plug-ins due to the system being targeted for the current time being at the Android platform. The basic requirements of the system were based on the research conducted during this study to determine what criteria are to be studied and implemented in the application

Speaker-dependent speech coding

Cataloged from PDF version of article.With the rapid expansion of Internet, it became feasible to have low-cost and secure telephone calls via internet. New digital speech compression standards were developed. Digital speech codecs can be used both in regular telephone networks and Internet based systems. Thereby, for a secure call, speech data are firstly compressed by digital speech codecs, and then, these compressed packages are sent in an encoded way through Data Encryption Standard (3DES) [1], Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) [2] encoding methods. Compressing and encoding processes require high processor performance and they may even require the use of high frequency processors and DSP’s to encode the binary speech data. Current speech coders are speaker independent, i.e., they don’t perform any speaker specific operations. They do not even distinguish between male and female speakers. An interesting way to solve this problem is to send speech after encoding it with a system that is based on a specific user. This system, which can be also called as speaker dependent speech encoding, provides a computationally efficient and relatively secure VoIP call, with high quality and without any encoding compared to the same bit rate standard speech codecs. Despite the disadvantages of requirement of acquiring all the speech characteristics of users and the need for extra data space, it has advantages such as providing secure communication because speech characteristics of the speaker is unknown to other users and the synthesized speech has higher quality compared to a same bit rate LPC compressed speech.Kart, Mete KemalM.S

Optimization of Resource Usage for Computer-Based Education through Mobile, Speech and Sky Computing Technology

Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service over the Internet. Using a cloud that is owned by a single service provider has its demerit to the customer such as the risk of downtime or breakdown of equipment arising from disaster that can jeopardize the subscribers’ business. Data security and reliability due to over centralization of company’s data poses a high risk for subscribers, hence a call for distributed cloud also known as Sky Computing. When application is distributed across several clouds with varied interest, infrastructure, policy, etc, the issue therefore will be how to determine the most cost effective cloud during access time. The amount of money a student pays in accessing learning content is determined by how much an institution pay as subscription to cloud providers. The objective of this study is to utilize optimization theory to determine the most cost effective cloud for mobile virtual education in Sky Computing environment. This will be achieved by optimizing resource usage for Computer-based Education through Mobile, Speech and Sky Computing Technology. As a proof of concept, we will design and implement a cloud middle ware (CMW) to interface with an eEducation system. Access to the eEducation shall be Mobile, Speech and Web. Through the communication platform, the students can communicate with their teacher at any convenient time, and vice versa at the most reduced cost

Optimization of Resource Usage for Computer-Based Education through Mobile, Speech and Sky Computing Technology

Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service over the Internet. Using a cloud that is owned by a single service provider has its demerit to the customer such as the risk of downtime or breakdown of equipment arising from disaster that can jeopardize the subscribers’ business. Data security and reliability due to over centralization of company’s data poses a high risk for subscribers, hence a call for distributed cloud also known as Sky Computing. When application is distributed across several clouds with varied interest, infrastructure, policy, etc, the issue therefore will be how to determine the most cost effective cloud during access time. The amount of money a student pays in accessing learning content is determined by how much an institution pay as subscription to cloud providers. The objective of this study is to utilize optimization theory to determine the most cost effective cloud for mobile virtual education in Sky Computing environment. This will be achieved by optimizing resource usage for Computer-based Education through Mobile, Speech and Sky Computing Technology. As a proof of concept, we will design and implement a cloud middle ware (CMW) to interface with an eEducation system. Access to the eEducation shall be Mobile, Speech and Web. Through the communication platform, the students can communicate with their teacher at any convenient time, and vice versa at the most reduced cost