5,360 research outputs found
Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Polyphonic Sound Event Detection
Sound events often occur in unstructured environments where they exhibit wide
variations in their frequency content and temporal structure. Convolutional
neural networks (CNN) are able to extract higher level features that are
invariant to local spectral and temporal variations. Recurrent neural networks
(RNNs) are powerful in learning the longer term temporal context in the audio
signals. CNNs and RNNs as classifiers have recently shown improved performances
over established methods in various sound recognition tasks. We combine these
two approaches in a Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) and apply it
on a polyphonic sound event detection task. We compare the performance of the
proposed CRNN method with CNN, RNN, and other established methods, and observe
a considerable improvement for four different datasets consisting of everyday
sound events.Comment: Accepted for IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language
Processing, Special Issue on Sound Scene and Event Analysi
Deep Learning for Audio Signal Processing
Given the recent surge in developments of deep learning, this article
provides a review of the state-of-the-art deep learning techniques for audio
signal processing. Speech, music, and environmental sound processing are
considered side-by-side, in order to point out similarities and differences
between the domains, highlighting general methods, problems, key references,
and potential for cross-fertilization between areas. The dominant feature
representations (in particular, log-mel spectra and raw waveform) and deep
learning models are reviewed, including convolutional neural networks, variants
of the long short-term memory architecture, as well as more audio-specific
neural network models. Subsequently, prominent deep learning application areas
are covered, i.e. audio recognition (automatic speech recognition, music
information retrieval, environmental sound detection, localization and
tracking) and synthesis and transformation (source separation, audio
enhancement, generative models for speech, sound, and music synthesis).
Finally, key issues and future questions regarding deep learning applied to
audio signal processing are identified.Comment: 15 pages, 2 pdf figure
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