ROLUL TEHNOLOGIEI INFORMATIEI ÎN REPROIECTAREA PROCESELOR DE AFACERI

Information technology plays an essential role in the redesign of economical processes. The introduction of IT tools is a main part of the redesign of many business processes. Even though, the incorrect use of these technologies could totally stop the reengineering process, allowing the strengthening of the old behaviors models. In this context, the article has the goal to present the main aspects concerning the use of IT technologies in the processes of organization’s reengineering.Business process reengineering, Information Technology,

Exploring the Relationships Between Knowledge Management and Information Systems: No Decomissioning

In recent years the discipline of Knowledge Management (KM) has emerged as a supposedly useful approach to leveraging organisational assets in order to obtain a variety of business benefits. However, this is easier said than done. For KM to be effective organisations must reflect on three key issues - infrastructure, culture and technology. While some may chose to emphasise the socio-cultural issues over the technology issues, more recent research (Gallagher & Hazlett, 2000) has pursued a path of normalization in relation to these three key aspects. Regardless of where KM has originated from it is clear that Information Systems (IS) and associated Information Technology (IT) can and will play an important role, if only as an enabler. This paper concentrates on the difficulties associated with implementing and evaluating KM in practice. It explicitly advocates the use of IS/IT and associated models as a response to the problems faced. The results of an exploratory interview study indicate that (a) many firms are relying heavily on IS/IT to support their KM strategies and (b) IS techniques offer a useful response to some of the problems encountered

Information Tehnologies and Management of the Competitive Organizations

Each year, companies around the world spend huge amounts for the informatisation of their activities, but the increase of the investments in this field doesn’t imply always the increase of the work productivity and profit with the same rate. The ”productivity paradox” of information technologies could be explained only by the fact that the return of investments is determined by the ways in which the technology is used, not by the technology itself. Many times, there is a big difference between the capabilities of the IT tools and what the employees understand to use, depending on the level of culture, instruction, adaptation. In solving these problems an important role has the orientation of the organisations management toward an efficient exploitation of the IT systems.IT management, economic development, competitive advantage

An Exploratory Case Study on IS Implementation and Organizational Change in China

Owing to the turbulent and fast changing environment in which Chinese firms operate, Information Systems (IS) implementation triggers important organizational changes in these firms. Starting with the premise that both the depth and nature of such changes are markedly different from what firms experience in other economies, this paper makes an attempt in conceptualizing issues relating to IS implementation in the Chinese context. It addresses critical success factors, expounds on the processes involved, and deals with the criteria for assessing a firm’s success or failure. A case study was conducted which entailed the examination of two key applications, financial accounting and personnel administration. This initial exploration indicates relevance of certain factors in the existing literature, and brings to light the potentiality of several factors pertinent to the current state of the Chinese business environment, which is heavily influenced by the cultural and economic backgrounds of this huge country. The study is the beginning part of a larger research program, which aims to include multiple cases in different but major industries. The findings enrich the literature on IS implementation by offering some new dimensions of understanding

IT Operations and Firm Performance

This article emphasises the competencies in IT market, and how IT affects the Performance of Firms. We have tested our hypotheses within the structural modeling technique, using data collected from international firms focusing on Chinese manufacturing firms. We conclude with discussion of the results and their implications, accordingly, develop and test hypotheses representing: a) IT operation is positively associated information sharing b) Information sharing is positively associated firm performance. c)  (IT) Operation is positively associated firm performance .d) the relationship between information sharing and IT operation is moderated by a human capital human .The results represent a complexity of the relationships between IT operation tasks, information sharing capability, human capital role, and firm performance. This study provides additional Insights that some firms may not be realizing benefits from investing in IT, even with allocating time and money on the human capital if this human capital study is not related to the information technology based context. Firms which allocate money on IT they can have a good ROA if also consider the information sharing factor. The paper proceeds as follows. The first section is about Introduction. Next three sections are Literature Review, Theoretical background and Research methodology respectively. Part five; we will present our analysis of Firm Performance and IT Operation. Finally, Section six concludes. Keywords: ROA, IT Operations, Information sharing, Firm performance and Human capita

Issues in public information systems development: The impact of regionalised organisational structure

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityThis thesis highlights the critical impact the effects of regionalised organisational structure and external political pressures have on the development of public sector information systems. Through the extension of a socio-technical systems (STS) model which encompasses these effects, a tool is provided for their investigation and evaluation in past and present information system (IS) developments. The foundations for this model were derived through an in-depth study of a large scale, national public IS development. Despite a large volume of research into the development and implementation of information systems, a high incidence of failure of such projects is still observed. With information systems now commonly integrated into many facets of an organisation’s business processes the costs and consequences of such failures can be far reaching. Given the additional scope and scale of many national public sector projects such consequences can be profound. While public sector IS failure has been studied in the literature, its focus is observed to be primarily that of an examination of e-government systems, neglecting the back-end (non-public facing) support systems. The focus of such studies is predominantly on the public’s interface and interaction with these systems together with their adoption and acceptance by the public. This view is a valid contribution but it does not inform the literature on the full range of unique problems that can be encountered across a complete IS development lifecycle within the public sector. Seeking to investigate these matters further, a collaboration was formed with a UK public body to facilitate the examination of the issues affecting the development and implementation of a national IS project. Onsite observations, interviews and document sampling were used across the development cycle to gather information from the perspectives of the stakeholders involved. The analysis of the data collected from this exercise highlighted a number of factors that were observed to have a significant effect on the project’s ultimate failure. Examination of this analysis from an STS perspective allowed for the extension of an existing STS model. It was extended to encompass the significant adverse effects that an organisational regionalised structure and external political pressure placed on the development of public information systems

The diffusion of web-based shopping systems: A comparative analysis of the key impact factors in the UK and Korea.

As a major driving force of the global digital economy, Web-Based Shopping Systems (WBSS) are diffusing very rapidly across national boundaries. Though the diffusion of WBSS is recognized as one of the most important issues of electronic commerce, the research on WBSS is just beginning. There is little comprehensive research and only a few examples of empirical research on the topic. This research attempts to examine the phenomenon of WBSS diffusion in different national contexts, based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In particular, this dissertation attempts to answer the following questions: What are WBSS. Are WBSS an enabler of new business. What kinds of factors affect the diffusion of WBSS. Are there any distinguishing characteristics of WBSS diffusion in different national contexts. How do organisations tend to enable WBSS diffusion. What kinds of driving forces influence the shaping process of WBSS. In order to answer these questions, this research introduces several research models: a classification model of WBSS, a research model of WBSS diffusion, and a comparison model of key impact factors. On the basis of these models, this dissertation examines and attempts to explain the phenomenon of WBSS diffusion. It does so by relating survey research and interviews in two particular national contexts: the UK and Korea. The findings arising from the quantitative and qualitative data collected are applied to provide guidance as to the further diffusion of WBSS in both countries. Some of the major findings of the dissertation are: o At the macro level, a systemic view of WBSS diffusion is provided by analyzing the characteristics off our types of WBSS. Major characteristics of WBSS associated with each of these types of WBSS - their strengths, critical success factors and suitable strategic options - have also been identified. On the basis of this background knowledge of WBSS, a research model of WBSS diffusion was derived. o At the micro level arising from empirical investigations, key impact factors influencing the diffusion of WBSS in the UK and Korean contexts have been identified. Following cross-national analysis, the diffusion of WBSS was observed as a series of shaping processes being influenced by different cultural issues and similar ICT-related factors in global Web-based shopping circumstances. o The implications emerging from the quantitative survey and qualitative interviews from both countries are: -Theoretical implications were highlighted by comparing the WBSS diffusion model with previous ICT diffusion studies. It was observed that WBSS diffusion in both the UK and Korea is a dynamic, complex, and interactive shaping process being influenced by internal organisation and internal system factors, as well as external market and external technical factors. -Practical implications for further WBSS diffusion in both countries have been suggested in the interests of both promoting e-commerce, and establishing a solid base for the digital economy. Overall, this dissertation has attempted to provide a theoretical foundation for further research relevant to WBSS, electronic commerce and ICT diffusion in different national contexts. It is hoped that this research will serve as a catalyst for triggering new research agendas on e-commerce and ICT innovation diffusion, paving the way for other researchers who wish to build on the research findings of this dissertation

Λογισμικό ανοιχτού κώδικα: διοίκηση, διάχυση και ανταγωνισμός

Στόχος της διατριβής είναι να συνεισφέρει στην έρευνα για το ανοιχτό λογισμικό μέσα από τη μελέτη της διάχυσής του, αλλά και των επιδράσεών της. Η έρευνα εστιάζει στην πορεία της διάχυσης μέσα στο χρόνο και προσδιορίζει και αποτιμά σχέσεις αιτίας και αποτελέσματος του φαινομένου. Αφενός, προσδιορίζονται και αποτιμούνται οι παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την πορεία διάχυσης και τη βιωσιμότητα του ανοιχτού λογισμικού (σχέσεις αιτίας). Αφετέρου, μελετώνται οι επιπτώσεις (σχέσεις αποτελέσματος) της διάχυσης τόσο σε οικονομικό, όσο και σε κοινωνικο-πολιτικό επίπεδο. Στο οικονομικό επίπεδο, πραγματοποιείται ανάλυση της αγοράς λογισμικού και εξετάζεται η συμπεριφορά και η δομή της ως αποτέλεσμα όχι μόνο της εισόδου του ανοιχτού λογισμικού, αλλά και των επιχειρηματικών μοντέλων ανοιχτού λογισμικού. Στο κοινωνικό-πολιτικό επίπεδο μελετώνται οι επιδράσεις στο δημόσιο τομέα και ιδιαίτερα στην ηλεκτρονική διακυβέρνηση και εκπαίδευση. Οι προτεινόμενες μεθοδολογίες και μοντέλα, βασίζονται στις θεωρίες διάχυσης των καινοτομιών και αποδοχής των Πληροφοριακών Συστημάτων, αλλά και σε κοινωνικο-οικονομικέ θεωρίες. Η αποτίμηση των μοντέλων υλοποιείται με αυστηρό μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο των μαθηματικών και της στατιστικής. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας παρέχουν ακριβείς, a-priori εκτιμήσεις της πορείας διάχυσης, του ανταγωνισμού και των σημείων ισορροπίας της αγοράς και μπορεί να αποβούν πολύ χρήσιμες σε ένα διαρκώς εξελισσόμενο και ανταγωνιστικό περιβάλλον, όπως αυτό της αγοράς ΤΠΕ.This PhD thesis aims to contribute to the open source software (OSS) research by studying the OSS diffusion and its economic, social and political implications. The research focuses on the process of diffusion over time and assesses relations of cause and effect. Firstly, it identifies and assesses the factors critical for the diffusion and sustainability of OSS (cause). Secondly, it assesses the economic and socio-political impact of the OSS diffusion (effect). An analysis of the software market and a deeper examination of the market behavior and structure is performed, as a result of both the OSS diffusion and its implications, that is the new OSS business models. In socio-political terms, the effects of OSS diffusion in the sectors of eGovernment and education are studied. The proposed models and methodologies are based on theoretical background that borrows elements from the theories of technology acceptance and diffusion of innovations, as well as from social and economic theories. The models’ evaluation is implemented with a rigorous methodological framework of mathematics and statistics. Results provide more accurate, a-priori estimations of the diffusion rate and the market competition and equilibrium tthatare especially helpful in a continuously evolving and competitive environment such as the ICT market