Microscopy and Analysis

Microscopes represent tools of the utmost importance for a wide range of disciplines. Without them, it would have been impossible to stand where we stand today in terms of understanding the structure and functions of organelles and cells, tissue composition and metabolism, or the causes behind various pathologies and their progression. Our knowledge on basic and advanced materials is also intimately intertwined to the realm of microscopy, and progress in key fields of micro- and nanotechnologies critically depends on high-resolution imaging systems. This volume includes a series of chapters that address highly significant scientific subjects from diverse areas of microscopy and analysis. Authoritative voices in their fields present in this volume their work or review recent trends, concepts, and applications, in a manner that is accessible to a broad readership audience from both within and outside their specialist area

MC 2019 Berlin Microscopy Conference - Abstracts

Das Dokument enthält die Kurzfassungen der Beiträge aller Teilnehmer an der Mikroskopiekonferenz "MC 2019", die vom 01. bis 05.09.2019, in Berlin stattfand

Studies to allow the consistent fabrication of many units of engineered tissue.

Tissue engineering is the regeneration of tissues through the use of cells with the aid of scaffolds. Such in vitro fabrication of tissues is beginning to become an option for the management of patients who have irreversible failure of an organ. There are many technical challenges to overcome before 'off-the-shelf' tissues that represent the translation of scientific discoveries into routine treatments (or millions of patients becomes a reality. To meet this demand, the products must be manufactured reproducibly and in large numbers employing current good tissue practice (cGTP). This thesis takes a whole bioprocess approach and includes: Bioreador design A new and novel methodology is described which potentially allows any tubular organ to be fabricated using an easily scalable liquid based technique suited to automated mass- production. It is novel in that it employs a single multitasking chamber which functions as both a "dynamic former" to create a precise tubular cell/polymer construct and then acts as the core of the bioreactor in which to grow the tissue. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) OCT is an advanced non-invasive high-resolution clinical imaging technique. This thesis describes both its initial application to the engineering of tissue as a means of imaging a construct within its individual bioreactor and also the use of Doppler enhanced OCT to qualitatively and quantitatively image the flow of culture medium through the construct. Polymer scaffold Typically, tissue engineers construct a scaffold and then seed it with cells. This has inherent difficulties including the achievement of homogeneous seeding densities. An alternative is described whereby cells and liquid polymer are mixed prior to scaffold formation. Stem cells Because of the novel approach to construct fabrication, rat smooth muscle cells were used for "range-finding" experiments. Later experiments deployed human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which were shown to network within the tubular constructs

Microscopy Conference 2021 (MC 2021) - Proceedings

Das Dokument enthält die Kurzfassungen der Beiträge aller Teilnehmer an der Mikroskopiekonferenz "MC 2021"

Emerging Technologies

This monograph investigates a multitude of emerging technologies including 3D printing, 5G, blockchain, and many more to assess their potential for use to further humanity’s shared goal of sustainable development. Through case studies detailing how these technologies are already being used at companies worldwide, author Sinan Küfeoğlu explores how emerging technologies can be used to enhance progress toward each of the seventeen United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and to guarantee economic growth even in the face of challenges such as climate change. To assemble this book, the author explored the business models of 650 companies in order to demonstrate how innovations can be converted into value to support sustainable development. To ensure practical application, only technologies currently on the market and in use actual companies were investigated. This volume will be of great use to academics, policymakers, innovators at the forefront of green business, and anyone else who is interested in novel and innovative business models and how they could help to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. This is an open access book

Bioceramic Composites

Biomaterials—the materials used for the manufacturing of medical devices— are part of everyday life. Each one of us has likely had the experience of visting a dentist’s office, where a number of biomaterials are used temporarily or permanently in the mouth. Devices that are more complex are used for to support, heal, or replace living tissues or organs in the body that are suffering or compromised by different conditions. The materials used in their construction are metals and metallic alloys, polymers—ranging from elastomers to adhesives—and ceramics.Within these three cases, there are materials that are inert in the living environment, that perform an active function, or that are dissolved and resorbed by the metabolic pathways. Biomaterials are the outcome of a dynamic field of research that is driven by a growing demand and by the competition among the manufacturers of medical devices, with innovations improving the performance of existing devices and that contribute to the development of new ones. The collection of papers forming this volume have one particular class of of biomaterial in common, ceramic (bioceramic) composites, which as so far been used in applications such as orthopaedic joint replacement as well as in dental implants and restorations and that is being intensively investigated for bone regeneration applications. Today’s bioceramic composites (alumina–zirconia) are the golden standard in joint replacements. Several manufracturers have proposed different zirconia–alumina composites for use in hip, knee, and shoulder joint replacements, with several other innovative devices also being under study. In addition, bioceramic composites with innovative compositions are under development and will be on the market in years to come. Something that is especially interesting is the application of bioceramic composites in the regeneration of bone tissues. Research has devoted special attention to the doping of well-known materials (i.e., calcium phosphates and silicates) with bioactive ions, aiming to enhance the osteogenic ability and bioresorbability of man-made grafts. Moreover, high expectations rely on hybrid biopolymer/ceramic materials that mimic the complex composition and multiscale structure of bone tissue

Handbook of Mathematical Geosciences

This Open Access handbook published at the IAMG's 50th anniversary, presents a compilation of invited path-breaking research contributions by award-winning geoscientists who have been instrumental in shaping the IAMG. It contains 45 chapters that are categorized broadly into five parts (i) theory, (ii) general applications, (iii) exploration and resource estimation, (iv) reviews, and (v) reminiscences covering related topics like mathematical geosciences, mathematical morphology, geostatistics, fractals and multifractals, spatial statistics, multipoint geostatistics, compositional data analysis, informatics, geocomputation, numerical methods, and chaos theory in the geosciences