36 Best Management Practices for Manaus-Amazon Urban Afforestation

In 2010, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics published a survey on urban afforestation in Brazil and Manaus city occupied the 4493rd place among the 5565 municipalities analyzed. Concerning the cities with more than 1 million habitants, Manaus was in the penultimate place, a frustrating result, since the city is the Amazon\u27 capital, surrounded by the largest rainforest in the World. On the other hand, the cities with the best performances were Goiânia, Campinas, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, and Curitiba. Given this context, the research aims to investigate the urban afforestation\u27s best management practices to propose suggestions for Manaus\u27 public managers. The data collection and analysis are based in the study "Urbanistic Characteristics of the Surroundings of the Domiciles", besides obtaining information and documents from articles and websites of the governments and partners of the best city investigated. After the intersection of information, 36 good urban management practices were cataloged and proposed to Manaus\u27 public managers

Amazon cities and climate change

Manaus, due to the growth process it has undergone in recent decades, is among the cities with a high level of environmental vulnerability. According to the IPCC 6th Climate Change Report, the impacts of climate change will hit hardest the poor populations with limited adaptive capacity. This article shows the IPCC\u27s warnings about the risks of global warming, the great inequalities in the distribution of Amazonian populations, and the seriousness of the increase in deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions that compromise the lives not only of the region\u27s inhabitants, but of the planet as a whole. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for urgent solutions in order to contain the degradation process of the Amazon rainforest, actions that include defending the Amazonian biome and the objective and efficient confrontation of the problems of pollutant emissions, through energy efficiency practices

Irregular Occupations and Environmental Impacts Caused by Fire of the Neighborhood of Educandos in the City of Manaus - Amazonas

The paper describes the data of an exploratory research conducted after a fire that occurred in a favela space in the described Educandos neighborhood, located in the South Zone, peripheral area of ​​Manaus. Educandos was formed over 100 years ago, when the first families began housing construction. At first glance, walking through the main streets of the neighborhood, there is no evidence of the irregular situation of the place, because masonry structures cover the stilt houses, installed near the Rio Negro bed, an area affected by the fire. Assuming that irregular occupation contributed to the cause of the fire, the study aimed to carry out the impacts caused by the fire. Tracing a qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of these impacts, it was observed through the Interaction Matrix that the impacts were negative in nature, 85% directly, has as local scale, irreversible for impacts to vegetation and social problems, high magnitude during the action of fire

Ambient temperature and mortality due to acute myocardial infarction in Brazil: an ecological study of time-series analyses

Ambient temperature may lead to decompensation of cardiovascular diseases and deaths by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Little is known about this relationship in South American countries located in regions of a hot climate. This study aims to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on mortality due to AMI in six Brazilian micro-regions, which present different climates. We analyzed daily records of deaths by AMI between 1996 and 2013. We estimated the accumulate relative and attributable risks with lags of up to 14 days, using distributed non-linear lag model. Micro-regions that were closest to the equator did not show an association between temperature and mortality. The lowest risk temperatures varied between 22 °C and 28 °C, in the Southern region of Brazil and the Midwest region, respectively. Low temperatures associated with the highest mortality risk were observed in the same areas, varying between 5 °C and 15 °C. The number of deaths attributed to cold temperatures varied from 176/year in Brasilia to 661/year in São Paulo and those deaths attributed to hot temperatures in Rio de Janeiro amounted to 115/year. We showed the relative risk and the attributable risk of warmer and colder days in tropical regions. The estimate of the number of deaths due to climate, varying according to each area, is a way of bringing information to those responsible for health policies based on easily-understood measurements

Transport and Health: A Look at Three Latin American Cities

Transport is associated with environmental problems, economic losses, health and social inequalities. A number of European and US cities have implemented initiatives to promote multimodal modes of transport. In Latin America changes are occurring in public transport systems and a number of projects aimed at stimulating non-motorized modes of transport (walking and cycling) have already been implemented. Based on articles from peer-reviewed academic journals, this paper examines experiences in Bogota (Colombia), Curitiba (Brazil), and Santiago (Chile), and identifies how changes to the transport system contribute to encourage active transportation. Bus rapid transit, ciclovias, bike paths/lanes, and car use restriction are initiatives that contribute to promoting active transportation in these cities. Few studies have been carried out on the relationship between transport and physical activity. Car ownership continues to increase. The public health sector needs to be a stronger activist in the transport policy decision-making process to incorporate health issues into the transport agenda in Latin America

Renovation of brazilian buildings to achieve better energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality

Dissertação de mestrado em Sustainable Build EnvironmentOver the years, environmental concerns began to gain more and more importance. Worldwide, the construction sector is one of the main responsible for the consumption of primary energy and the emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂). The sustainability of buildings is now a vector for progress and mitigating the impact of construction, materials, equipment and systems in operation with a focus on the use of resources and energy savings is a challenge that several international organizations seek to solve. In Brazil, after the implementation, in 2010, of the Technical Quality Regulation for Energy Efficiency of Commercial, Office and Public Buildings - RTQC, it is considered that the next step to be taken in regulatory terms is to analyze the pattern of energy consumption of buildings. Rehabilitation may be the key to recover the construction sector, allowing the optimization of the energy performance of a building to minimize the energy consumption and at the same time meet the needs of the occupants. Thus, a survey related to the comfort of workers at office buildings in the city of Porto Alegre, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil was carried out in order to identify the main causes of employees’ discomfort at the workplace, related to thermal and acoustic comfort, lighting, ventilation and indoor air quality. The other objective of this study was to create a virtual model of an office building, with characteristics based on the literature review and the survey results, to carry out an energy demand assessment. Different renovation solutions were analyzed, aiming to identify the most adequate ones, with the best energy performance. The scenarios with façade with ETICS system obtained the best and worst performance. The combination with the worst performance was the renovation solution with ETICS system, simple glass, lighting systems and HVAC as defined for the base model and without the addition of shading devices. While the two best solutions, both with good total energy performance, also had the ETICS system in their composition, one of them encompassing simple glass, lighting systems and HVAC (Best Practice option) and without any shading system and the other, containing glass double, lighting and HVAC systems (base model) and addition of shading system. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was possible to conclude that, through the application of various renovation measures, it is feasible to make a building more energy-efficient, reducing its energy demand and improving the quality of life of the occupants.Ao longo dos anos as preocupações ambientais começaram a ganhar cada vez mais importância. Mundialmente, o setor da construção civil é um dos principais responsáveis pelo consumo de energia primária e emissão de dióxido de carbono (CO₂). A sustentabilidade dos edifícios é hoje um vetor de progresso e mitigar o impacto da construção, dos materiais e dos equipamentos e sistemas em funcionamento com o foco no aproveitamento dos recursos e poupanças energéticas é um desafio que várias organizações internacionais procuram resolver. No Brasil, após a implementação, em 2010, do Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade para Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicos – RTQC, considera-se que o próximo passo a ser dado em termos regulatórios seja analisar o padrão de consumo de energia das edificações. A reabilitação pode ser a chave para recuperar o setor da construção permitindo a otimização do desempenho energético de um edifício de modo a minimizar os consumos de energia da edificação e ao mesmo tempo ir de encontro às necessidades dos ocupantes. Assim, foi realizado um inquérito relacionado com o conforto dos trabalhadores de edifícios de escritórios localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil, a fim de identificar os principais fatores de desconforto dos funcionários em seu local de trabalho, relacionados com o conforto térmico e acústico, iluminação, ventilação e qualidade do ar interior. O outro objetivo deste estudo foi criar um modelo virtual de edifício de escritórios, com características baseadas na revisão da literatura e nos resultados do inquérito, para realizar uma avaliação da demanda de energia. Diferentes soluções de reabilitação foram analisadas com o objetivo de identificar a mais adequada, com o melhor desempenho energético, para a renovação de edifícios de escritório. Os cenários com fachada com sistema ETICS, obtiveram os melhores e piores desempenho. A combinação com o pior desempenho foi a solução de reabilitação com sistema ETICS, vidro simples, sistemas de iluminação e HVAC conforme definido para o modelo base e sem adição de dispositivos de sombreamento. Enquanto as duas melhores soluções, ambas com bom desempenho energético total, também possuíam o sistema ETICS na sua composição, uma delas englobando vidro simples, sistemas de iluminação e HVAC (opção Best Practice) e sem nenhum sistema de sombreamento e a outra, contendo vidro duplo, sistemas de iluminação e HVAC (modelo base) e adição de sistema de sombreamento. Mediante os resultados obtidos neste estudo foi possível concluir que, por meio da aplicação de várias medidas de reabilitação, é viável tornar um edifício energeticamente mais eficiente, reduzindo as suas necessidades energéticas e melhorando a qualidade de vida dos ocupantes

Spartan Daily, May 27, 1969

Volume 56, Issue 128https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/5264/thumbnail.jp

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO AR PELA MUDANÇA DA MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA EM USINA TERMOELÉTRICA: ÓLEO PARA MISTURA ÓLEO-GÁS NATURAL

O petróleo ainda é a mais importante fonte de energia até o presente momento; porém, por razões ambientais as usinas térmicas a óleo diesel no Estado do Amazonas estão sendo convertidas ao gás natural, com o fortalecimento do processo marcado pela presença e intensificação das empresas na Zona Franca de Manaus e crescimento demográfico da Região Metropolitana de Manaus. A partir deste cenário que impacta diretamente a qualidade do ar, buscou-se caracterizar as mudanças dos índices dos efluentes gasosos quando da alteração da matriz energética de óleo combustível para gás natural na usina Companhia Energética Manauara (UTE Manauara – Manaus/AM). A metodologia utilizada empregou os dados (de 2007 a 2013) resultantes do monitoramento de emissões gasosas (NO2, SO2, material particulado) e qualidade do ar (partículas totais em suspensão, NO2, SO2, CO, O3,fumaça). A partir destes observou-se que os parâmetros analisados apresentaram no geral um comportamento positivo à mudança de combustível, diferenciado apenas para o NO2. Havendo necessidade de adequação da legislação ambiental para o estabelecimento de limites precisos para a mistura óleo-gás natural, segundo critérios de qualidade para a região Amazônica.

The importance of the environment in everyday school life: working with deaf students using active methodologies

It is relevant that the study presented presents an analysis of the main methodologies used in the education of students that emerged in Elementary School, having as a model the theme, The Environment in School Daily Life and its Active Methodologies. The study aims to evaluate the results by the capacity of the students acquired Environment in the Daily School Life of these deaf students, through active methodologies. The student is encouraged to take an active and responsible stance in their learning process, seeking self-regulation and meaningful learning. Learning methods and techniques that stimulate student-teacher and student-student interaction, teaching materials and resources and handouts, almost always, in collaborative learning, taking the student to be responsible for the construction of their knowledge. Based on this premise, we will present a qualitative research and significant results. Expand our information through field research by observation studies and studies, expanding experiences with students emerging from a state school in Manaus. Therefore, we will present some methodologies, among which are Recycle, Reuse and Reduce solid waste. It was found that the methodologies used are oriented according to child-centered learning theories. In this investment in the deaf and their registration, student, context, thus, the service to useful services for stimulation and development is essential. Based on the evaluation of the results by the applicability of the environment themes obtained in the school routine, and the uses of active methodologies, to propose a new method of study to train deaf students. We will seek the best way to work as methodologies in the training of the deaf subject. It was verified the use of the methodologies that motivate the use of the methodologies that motivate the use of their disks and the direction of solutions to make an impasse and promote their development, which is an adequate and necessary instrument for a new learning. It is concluded that the teaching and learning process with deaf students still lacks research opportunities aimed at the adoption of new techniques that favor learning at better levels of qualification for the child

Google Earth in the Middle School Geography Classroom: Its Impact on Spatial Literacy and Place Geography Understanding of Students

Success in today\u27s globalized, multi-dimensional, and connected world requires individuals to have a variety of skill sets – i.e. oracy, numeracy, literacy, as well as the ability to think spatially. Student\u27s spatial literacy, based on various national and international assessment results, indicates that even though there have been gains in U.S. scores over the past decade, overall performance, including those specific to spatial skills, are still below proficiency. Existing studies focused on the potential of virtual learning environment technology to reach students in a variety of academic areas, but a need still exists to study specifically the phenomenon of using Google Earth as a potentially more useful pedagogical tool to develop spatial literacy than the currently employed methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which graphicacy achievement scores of students who were immersed in a Google Earth environment were different from students who were provided with only two-dimensional instruction for developing spatial skills. Situated learning theory and the work of Piaget and Inhelder\u27s Child\u27s Conception of Space provided the theoretical grounding from which this study evolved. The National Research Council\u27s call to develop spatial literacy, as seen in Learning to Think Spatially , provided the impetus to begin research. The target population (N = 84) for this study consisted of eighth grade geography students at an upper Midwest Jr. High School during the 2009-2010 academic year. Students were assigned to the control or experimental group based on when they had geography class. Control group students ( n = 44) used two-dimensional PowerPoint images to complete activities, while experimental group students (n = 40) were immersed in the three-dimensional Google Earth world for activity completion. Research data was then compiled and statistically analyzed to answer five research questions developed for this study. One-way ANOVAs were run on data collected and no statistically significant difference was found between the control and experimental group. However, two of the five research questions yielded practically significant data that indicates students who used Google Earth outperformed their counterparts who used PowerPoint on pattern prediction and spatial relationship understanding