Kolmogorov Complexity in perspective. Part II: Classification, Information Processing and Duality

We survey diverse approaches to the notion of information: from Shannon entropy to Kolmogorov complexity. Two of the main applications of Kolmogorov complexity are presented: randomness and classification. The survey is divided in two parts published in a same volume. Part II is dedicated to the relation between logic and information system, within the scope of Kolmogorov algorithmic information theory. We present a recent application of Kolmogorov complexity: classification using compression, an idea with provocative implementation by authors such as Bennett, Vitanyi and Cilibrasi. This stresses how Kolmogorov complexity, besides being a foundation to randomness, is also related to classification. Another approach to classification is also considered: the so-called "Google classification". It uses another original and attractive idea which is connected to the classification using compression and to Kolmogorov complexity from a conceptual point of view. We present and unify these different approaches to classification in terms of Bottom-Up versus Top-Down operational modes, of which we point the fundamental principles and the underlying duality. We look at the way these two dual modes are used in different approaches to information system, particularly the relational model for database introduced by Codd in the 70's. This allows to point out diverse forms of a fundamental duality. These operational modes are also reinterpreted in the context of the comprehension schema of axiomatic set theory ZF. This leads us to develop how Kolmogorov's complexity is linked to intensionality, abstraction, classification and information system.Comment: 43 page

Improving the family orientation process in Cuban Special Schools trough Nearest Prototype classification

Cuban Schools for children with Affective – Behavioral Maladies (SABM) have as goal to accomplish a major change in children behavior, to insert them effectively into society. One of the key elements in this objective is to give an adequate orientation to the children’s families; due to the family is one of the most important educational contexts in which the children will develop their personality. The family orientation process in SABM involves clustering and classification of mixed type data with non-symmetric similarity functions. To improve this process, this paper includes some novel characteristics in clustering and prototype selection. The proposed approach uses a hierarchical clustering based on compact sets, making it suitable for dealing with non-symmetric similarity functions, as well as with mixed and incomplete data. The proposal obtains very good results on the SABM data, and over repository databases

Interactive Decision Support Systems - The Case for Discrete Alternatives for Committee Decision Making

One of the important problems in decision analysis relates to the situation, where the committee (group of decision makers) has to select the best alternative from a given, finite set. In most cases, the alternatives are evaluated on the basis of several quality factors. In the paper, the authors present the concept of decision support systems in the context of such a decision situation and discuss several issues relating to the computer implementation of group decision support systems. The presented approach is based on the theory of aspiration-led decision making and the satisfactory principle, which ensures proper structuralization of the decision process and allows proper balance of opinion between the group members

Social order through law

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThis study represents an attempt to explore the nature of the legal order and to analyze the mode of the operation of law. It is divided into two parts. The theoretical part focuses first upon general processes of differentiation of expectational models (norms) in terms of their effectiveness and imperativeness, on one hand, and upon their articulation in systems, on the other. Second, it is concerned with the specification and definition of those attributes characterizing legal norms. While there is strong support for the conclusion that law and social structure are inextricably related, there is also considerable doubt about the presumed necessary relationship between law and politically organized society or state. This might even be stated as a hypothesis which holds that law does not depend upon the existence of a politically centralized power. In order to test this proposition, a group of preliterate African societies which apparently lack differentiated political toles, was selected for the study [TRUNCATED

SCDAS - Decision Support System for Group Decision Making: Information Processing Issues

Most research in the field of computerized Group Decision Support System is devoted to the analysis and support of the quantitative phase of decision processes using various methods of multiple-criteria analysis. Experience shows that the soft side of the decision process also needs support. This relates mostly to the distribution of textual information that augments the quantitative side of the decision process and to provides the linkage between such information and numerical data. This aspect is especially important when the decision support system is implemented in a distributed computing environment. In this paper possible forms of information processed within the SCDAS system are analyzed and the framework for implementing the software that provides such processing functions is presented

Sources of Igwebuike philosophy: towards a socio-cultural foundation

Igwebuike is at the heart of African philosophy, and in fact, the inner or underlying principle of African philosophy. It is the manner of being in African ontology. Its nearest equivalents in English include complementarity, harmony, communality, etc., however, the preferred concept is complementarity. This paper responds to the question of the sources of Igwebuike philosophy, that is, the raw materials from which Igwebuike philosophy is gotten. Being an African philosophy, there would be no better place to look for its sources except from the African socio-cultural background. It discovered that the sources of Igwebuike philosophy include the works of professional African philosophers, African proverbs, African folktales, African myths, African symbols, African songs, African names. This piece, therefore, studied these sources to see how much they uniquely contribute towards the development of Igwebuike philosophy. In the course of this research, the phenomenological and hermeneutical methods of inquiry were employed. The paper submits that Igwebuike philosophy is based on the Igbo socio-cultural foundation.Keywords: Igwebuike, Philosophy, African, Socio-Cultural, Foundatio

Art and contemporary critical practice: Reinventing institutional critique

266 p.Libro Electrónico'Institutional critique' is best known through the critical practice that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s by artists who presented radical challenges to the museum and gallery system.Since then it has been pushed in new directions by new generations of artists registering and responding to the global transformations of contemporary life. The essays collected in this volume explore this legacy and develop the models of institutional critique in ways that go well beyond the field of art.Contributors vii Acknowledgments xi Preface xiii WHAT IS INSTITUTIONAL CRITIQUE? 1 Instituent Practices: Fleeing, Instituting, Transforming 3 2 The Institution of Critique 13 3 Anti-Canonization: The Differential Knowledge of Institutional Critique 21 4 Notes on Institutional Critique 29 5 Criticism without Crisis: Crisis without Criticism 33 6 Artistic Internationalism and Institutional Critique 43 7 Extradisciplinary Investigations: Towards a New Critique of Institutions 53 8 Louise Lawler’s Rude Museum 63 9 Toward a Critical Art Theory 79 10 Anthropology and Theory of Institutions 95 11 What is Critique? Suspension and Re-Composition in Textual and Social Machines 113 12 Attempt to Think the Plebeian: Exodus and Constituting as Critique 131 13 Inside and Outside the Art Institution: Self-Valorization and Montage in Contemporary Art 141 14 The Rise and Fall of New Institutionalism: Perspectives on a Possible Future 155 15 The Political Form of Coordination 161 INSTITUENT PRACTICES AND MONSTER INSTITUTIONS 16 Instituent Practices, No. 2: Institutional Critique, Constituent Power, and the Persistence of Instituting 173 17 Governmentality and Self-Precarization: On the Normalization of Cultural Producers 187 18 To Embody Critique: Some Theses, Some Examples 203 19 The Double Meaning of Destitution 211 20 Towards New Political Creations: Movements, Institutions, New Militancy 223 21 Mental Prototypes and Monster Institutions: Some Notes by Way of an Introduction 237 Bibliography 247 The Transform Project issues of transversal 26