Structural brain complexity and cognitive decline in late life : A longitudinal study in the Aberdeen 1936 Birth Cohort

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPostprin

Ambient air pollution and neurotoxicity on brain structure: Evidence from women's health initiative memory study: Neurotoxic Air Pollution and WMV

To examine the putative adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on brain volumes in older women

Efficacy of MRI data harmonization in the age of machine learning. A multicenter study across 36 datasets

Pooling publicly-available MRI data from multiple sites allows to assemble extensive groups of subjects, increase statistical power, and promote data reuse with machine learning techniques. The harmonization of multicenter data is necessary to reduce the confounding effect associated with non-biological sources of variability in the data. However, when applied to the entire dataset before machine learning, the harmonization leads to data leakage, because information outside the training set may affect model building, and potentially falsely overestimate performance. We propose a 1) measurement of the efficacy of data harmonization; 2) harmonizer transformer, i.e., an implementation of the ComBat harmonization allowing its encapsulation among the preprocessing steps of a machine learning pipeline, avoiding data leakage. We tested these tools using brain T1-weighted MRI data from 1740 healthy subjects acquired at 36 sites. After harmonization, the site effect was removed or reduced, and we measured the data leakage effect in predicting individual age from MRI data, highlighting that introducing the harmonizer transformer into a machine learning pipeline allows for avoiding data leakage

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in quiescent Crohn’s disease patients with fatigue

FSW - Self-regulation models for health behavior and psychopathology - ou

Cognitive reserve modulates brain structure and cortical architecture in the Alzheimer’s Disease

Background:Cognitive reserve (CR) explains the individual resilience to neurodegeneration. Objective:The present study investigated the effect of CR in modulating brain cortical architecture. Methods:278 individuals [110 Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 104 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to AD, 64 healthy subjects (HS)] underwent a neuropsychological evaluation and 3T-MRI. Cortical thickness (CTh) and fractal dimension (FD) were assessed. Years of formal education were used as an index of CR by which participants were divided into high and low CR (HCR and LCR). Within-group differences in cortical architecture were assessed as a function of CR. Associations between cognitive scores and cortical measures were also evaluated. Results:aMCI-HCR compared to aMCI-LCR patients showed significant decrease of CTh in the right temporal and in the left prefrontal lobe. Moreover, they showed increased FD in the right temporal and in the left temporo-parietal lobes. Patients with AD-HCR showed reduced CTh in several brain areas and reduced FD in the left temporal cortices when compared with AD-LCR subjects. HS-HCR showed a significant increase of CTh in prefrontal areas bilaterally, and in the right parieto-occipital cortices. Finally, aMCI-HCR showed significant positive associations between brain measures and memory and executive performance. Conclusion:CR modulates the cortical architecture at pre-dementia stage only. Indeed, only patients with aMCI showed both atrophy (likely due to neurodegeneration) alongside richer brain folding (likely due to reserve mechanisms) in temporo-parietal areas. This opposite trend was not observed in AD and HS. Our data confirm the existence of a limited time-window for CR modulation at the aMCI stage

Biomarqueurs de la morphologie du cortex cérébral par imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) anatomique : application à la maladie d'Alzheimer

Les modifications de la morphologie du cortex cérébral induites par la maladie d'Alzheimer à ses stades précoces contribuent à l'intérêt croissant à l'égard des biomarqueurs de la morphologie corticale. Ceux-ci permettraient notamment une meilleure compréhension de l'impact de cette pathologie sur l'anatomie cérébrale et une détection plus précoce de la maladie. L'originalité de notre travail par rapport au reste de la littérature est de s'intéresser à la morphologie des surfaces interne (interface substance blanche / substance grise) et externe (interface substance grise / liquide cérébro-spinal) du cortex cérébral. Dans cette perspective, nous avons développé des méthodes d'estimation de la courbure et de la dimension fractale des surfaces corticales. A partir de ces biomarqueurs morphologiques et de l'épaisseur corticale dont la méthode d'estimation a été précédemment développée dans le laboratoire, nous avons exploré l'impact de la maladie d'Alzheimer sur la morphologie du manteau cortical et nous avons évalué leur apport individuel et celui de leur association au diagnostic précoce de la maladie. Nos résultats montrent une influence significative de la pathologie sur la morphologie des sillons et sur celle des circonvolutions des surfaces corticales interne et externe. En termes d'application diagnostique, nous montrons que prises isolément, l'épaisseur corticale présente une meilleure capacité prédictive que la courbure corticale, nous ne constatons en revanche aucune capacité prédictive de la dimension fractale. Par contre, nous montrons que l'utilisation conjointe de l'épaisseur corticale et de la courbure permet une amélioration significative du diagnostic précoce.Morphological alterations of the cortical mantle in early stage of Alzheimer's disease have led to an increasing interest towards morphological biomarkers of the cerebral cortex. By providing a quantitative measure of the cortical shape, morphological biomarkers could provide better understanding of the impact of the disease on the cortical anatomy and play a role in early diagnosis. Therefore, as a primary goal in this study, we developed cortical surface curvature and fractal dimension estimation methods. We then applied those methods, together with the estimation of cortical thickness, to investigate the impact of Alzheimer's disease on the cortical shape as well as the contribution of cortical thickness and cortical curvature to the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The originality of this work lies in the estimation of sulcal and gyral curvature of the internal (gray matter/white matter boundary) and external (gray matter/cerebrospinal fluid boundary) cortical surfaces in addition to the fractal dimensions of these boundaries. Our results showed significant impact of Alzheimer's disease on sulcal and gyral shapes of the internal and external cortical surfaces. In addition, cortical thickness was found to have better ability than cortical curvature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; no significant ability for the early diagnosis was found using fractal dimension. However, we found significant improvement in early diagnosis by combining cortical thickness and cortical curvature

Velocidad de procesamiento de la información en traumatismos craneoencefálicos

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 14-10-2014Depto. de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y LogopediaFac. de PsicologíaTRUEunpu