351,935 research outputs found
A unified geometric framework for boundary charges and dressings: non-Abelian theory and matter
Boundaries in gauge theories are a delicate issue. Arbitrary boundary choices
enter the calculation of charges via Noether's second theorem, obstructing the
assignment of unambiguous physical charges to local gauge symmetries. Replacing
the arbitrary boundary choice with new degrees of freedom suggests itself. But,
concretely, such boundary degrees of freedom are spurious---i.e. they are not
part of the original field content of the theory---and have to disappear upon
gluing. How should we fit them into what we know about field-theory? We resolve
these issues in a unified and geometric manner, by introducing a connection
1-form, , in the field-space of Yang-Mills theory. Using this geometric
tool, a modified version of symplectic geometry---here called `horizontal'---is
possible. Independently of boundary conditions, this formalism bestows to each
region a physical notion of charge: the horizontal Noether charge. The
horizontal gauge charges always vanish, while global charges still arise for
reducible configurations characterized by global symmetries. The field-content
itself is used as a reference frame to distinguish `gauge' and `physical'; no
new degrees of freedom, such as group-valued edge modes, are required.
Different choices of reference fields give different 's, which are
cousins of gauge-fixing like the Higgs-unitary and Coulomb gauges. But the
formalism extends well beyond gauge-fixings, for instance by avoiding the
Gribov problem. For one choice of , would-be Goldstone modes arising
from the condensation of matter degrees of freedom play precisely the role of
the known group-valued edge modes, but here they arise as preferred coordinates
in field space, rather than new fields. For another choice, in the Abelian
case, recovers the Dirac dressing of the electron.Comment: 71 pages, 3 appendices, 9 figures. Summary of the results at the
beginning of the paper. v2: numerous improvements in the presentation, and
introduction of new references, taking colleague feedback into accoun
Foundations of Quantum Gravity : The Role of Principles Grounded in Empirical Reality
When attempting to assess the strengths and weaknesses of various principles
in their potential role of guiding the formulation of a theory of quantum
gravity, it is crucial to distinguish between principles which are strongly
supported by empirical data - either directly or indirectly - and principles
which instead (merely) rely heavily on theoretical arguments for their
justification. These remarks are illustrated in terms of the current standard
models of cosmology and particle physics, as well as their respective
underlying theories, viz. general relativity and quantum (field) theory. It is
argued that if history is to be of any guidance, the best chance to obtain the
key structural features of a putative quantum gravity theory is by deducing
them, in some form, from the appropriate empirical principles (analogous to the
manner in which, say, the idea that gravitation is a curved spacetime
phenomenon is arguably implied by the equivalence principle). It is
subsequently argued that the appropriate empirical principles for quantum
gravity should at least include (i) quantum nonlocality, (ii) irreducible
indeterminacy, (iii) the thermodynamic arrow of time, (iv) homogeneity and
isotropy of the observable universe on the largest scales. In each case, it is
explained - when appropriate - how the principle in question could be
implemented mathematically in a theory of quantum gravity, why it is considered
to be of fundamental significance and also why contemporary accounts of it are
insufficient.Comment: 21 pages. Some (mostly minor) corrections. Final published versio
What is Time? A New Mathematico- Physical and Information Theoretic Approach
A New Mathematico-Physical and Information Theoretic Approach
Examination of the available hard core information to firm up the process of
unification of quantum and gravitational physics leads to the conclusion that
for achieving this synthesis, major paradigm shifts are needed as also the
answering of `What is Time?' The object of this submission is to point out the
means of achieving such a grand synthesis. Currently the main pillars
supporting the edifice of physics are: (i) The geometrical concepts of space-
time-gravitation, (ii) The dynamic concepts involving quantum of action, (iii)
Statistical thermodynamic concepts, heat and entropy, (iv) Mathematical
concepts, tools and techniques serving both as a grand plan and the means of
calculation and last but not least v)Controlled observation, pertinent
experimentation as the final arbiter. In making major changes the author is
following Dirac's dictum "....make changes without sacrificing the existing
superstructure". It is shown that time can be treated as a parameter rather
than an additional dimension. A new entity called "Ekon" having the properties
of both space and momentum is introduced along with a space called
"Chalachala". The requisite connection with Einstein's formulation and
mathematical aperatus required have been formulated which is highly suited for
the purpose. The primacy of the Plancks quantum of action and its
representation geometrically as a twist is introduced. The practical and
numerical estimates have been made and applied to evaluation of the
gravitational constant in a a seperate submission "Estimations of gravitational
constant from CMBR data".Comment: 29 pages, pdf fil
Two Notions of Naturalness
My aim in this paper is twofold: (i) to distinguish two notions of
naturalness employed in BSM physics and (ii) to argue that recognizing this
distinction has methodological consequences. One notion of naturalness is an
"autonomy of scales" requirement: it prohibits sensitive dependence of an
effective field theory's low-energy observables on precise specification of the
theory's description of cutoff-scale physics. I will argue that considerations
from the general structure of effective field theory provide justification for
the role this notion of naturalness has played in BSM model construction. A
second, distinct notion construes naturalness as a statistical principle
requiring that the values of the parameters in an effective field theory be
"likely" given some appropriately chosen measure on some appropriately
circumscribed space of models. I argue that these two notions are historically
and conceptually related but are motivated by distinct theoretical
considerations and admit of distinct kinds of solution.Comment: 34 pages, 1 figur
- …