Comparesion the electrical parameters of photovoltaic cell using numerical methods

For a research problem: as a single-diode model (electrical circuit) is difficult to discover the precise answer to employing analytical approaches, develop and compute the electrical parameters of the PV cell roughly using numerical algorithms. Therefore, the goal of this work is to create an algorithm that aids in the approximate solution of the electrical parameters of solar cells. Three methods have been proposed for these calculations, each of which has a quicker calculation time and a higher level of accuracy. By streamlining the calculation process, the proposed method solves the problems of complexity and precision. The I-V and P-V characteristic curves of solar cells can then be utilized to compare the efficacy of the tested methods. In addition, the analysis of root mean square error indicates that the proposed method is more applicable than alternative methods. In fact, this extraction procedure can be regarded as an efficient and precise method for estimating the single diode model parameters of solar cells. The results indicate that this precise and effective strategy can play an important role in the retrieval of single diode model parameters. In fact, the method proposed in this paper makes numerically implementing parameter models in technology simpler. In addition, it provides an optimization suggestion for the production of solar cell

Performance analysis of ground source heat pumps for buildings applications

Geothermal heat pumps (GSHPs), or direct expansion (OX) ground source heat pumps, are a highly efficient renewable energy technology, which uses the earth, groundwater or surface water as a heat source when operating in heating mode or as a heat sink when operating in a cooling mode. It is receiving increasing interest because of its potential to reduce primary energy consumption and thus reduce emissions of GHGs. The main concept of this technology is that it utilises the lower temperature of the ground (approximately <32°C), which remains relatively stable throughout the year, to provide space heating, cooling and domestic hot water inside the building area. The main goal of this study is to stimulate the uptake of the GSHPs. Recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings has emphasised the utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source and other renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study, however, is to examine the means of reduction of energy consumption in buildings, identify GSHPs as an environmental friendly technology able to provide efficient utilisation of energy in the buildings sector, promote using GSHPs applications as an optimum means of heating and cooling, and to present typical applications and recent advances of GSHPs. The study highlighted the potential energy saving that could be achieved through the use of ground energy sources. It also focuses on the optimisation and improvement of the operation conditions of the heat cycle and performance of the GSHP. It is concluded that GSHP, combined with the ground heat exchanger in foundation piles and the seasonal thermal energy storage from solar thermal collectors, is extendable to more comprehensive applications