Reducing energy consumption of cloud data centers using proper placement of virtual machines

In today's world, the use of cloud data centers for easy access to data and processing resources is expanding rapidly. Rapid technology growth and increasing number of users make hardware and software architectures upgrade a constant need. The necessary infrastructure to implement this architecture is the use of virtual machines in physical systems. The main issue in this architecture is how to allocate virtual machines to physical machines on the network. In this paper we have proposed a method to use virtualization for minimizing energy consumption and decreasing the cloud resource waste. We have used learning automata as a reinforcement learning model for optimal placement of virtual machines. The simulation results show the proposed method has good performance in reducing energy consumption of servers in cloud data centers.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2311.1614

Virtual machine placement in cloud using artificial bee colony and imperialist competitive algorithm

Increasing resource efficiency and reducing energy consumption are significant challenges in cloud environments. Placing virtual machines is essential in improving cloud systems’ performance. This paper presents a hybrid method using the artificial bee colony and imperialist competitive algorithm to reduce provider costs and decrease client expenditure. Implementation of the proposed plan in the CloudSim simulation environment indicates the proposed method performs better than the Monarch butterfly optimization and salp swarm algorithms regarding energy consumption and resource usage. Moreover, average central processing unit (CPU) and random-access memory (RAM) usage and the number of host shutdowns show better results for the proposed model

Energy and Performance: Management of Virtual Machines: Provisioning, Placement, and Consolidation

Cloud computing is a new computing paradigm that offers scalable storage and compute resources to users on demand through Internet. Public cloud providers operate large-scale data centers around the world to handle a large number of users request. However, data centers consume an immense amount of electrical energy that can lead to high operating costs and carbon emissions. One of the most common and effective method in order to reduce energy consumption is Dynamic Virtual Machines Consolidation (DVMC) enabled by the virtualization technology. DVMC dynamically consolidates Virtual Machines (VMs) into the minimum number of active servers and then switches the idle servers into a power-saving mode to save energy. However, maintaining the desired level of Quality-of-Service (QoS) between data centers and their users is critical for satisfying users’ expectations concerning performance. Therefore, the main challenge is to minimize the data center energy consumption while maintaining the required QoS. This thesis address this challenge by presenting novel DVMC approaches to reduce the energy consumption of data centers and improve resource utilization under workload independent quality of service constraints. These approaches can be divided into three main categories: heuristic, meta-heuristic and machine learning. Our first contribution is a heuristic algorithm for solving the DVMC problem. The algorithm uses a linear regression-based prediction model to detect over-loaded servers based on the historical utilization data. Then it migrates some VMs from the over-loaded servers to avoid further performance degradations. Moreover, our algorithm consolidates VMs on fewer number of server for energy saving. The second and third contributions are two novel DVMC algorithms based on the Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach. RL is interesting for highly adaptive and autonomous management in dynamic environments. For this reason, we use RL to solve two main sub-problems in VM consolidation. The first sub-problem is the server power mode detection (sleep or active). The second sub-problem is to find an effective solution for server status detection (overloaded or non-overloaded). The fourth contribution of this thesis is an online optimization meta-heuristic algorithm called Ant Colony System-based Placement Optimization (ACS-PO). ACS is a suitable approach for VM consolidation due to the ease of parallelization, that it is close to the optimal solution, and its polynomial worst-case time complexity. The simulation results show that ACS-PO provides substantial improvement over other heuristic algorithms in reducing energy consumption, the number of VM migrations, and performance degradations. Our fifth contribution is a Hierarchical VM management (HiVM) architecture based on a three-tier data center topology which is very common use in data centers. HiVM has the ability to scale across many thousands of servers with energy efficiency. Our sixth contribution is a Utilization Prediction-aware Best Fit Decreasing (UP-BFD) algorithm. UP-BFD can avoid SLA violations and needless migrations by taking into consideration the current and predicted future resource requirements for allocation, consolidation, and placement of VMs. Finally, the seventh and the last contribution is a novel Self-Adaptive Resource Management System (SARMS) in data centers. To achieve scalability, SARMS uses a hierarchical architecture that is partially inspired from HiVM. Moreover, SARMS provides self-adaptive ability for resource management by dynamically adjusting the utilization thresholds for each server in data centers.Siirretty Doriast

An Effiecient Approach for Resource Auto-Scaling in Cloud Environments

Cloud services have become more popular among users these days. Automatic resource provisioning for cloud services is one of the important challenges in cloud environments. In the cloud computing environment, resource providers shall offer required resources to users automatically without any limitations. It means whenever a user needs more resources, the required resources should be dedicated to the users without any problems. On the other hand, if resources are more than user’s needs extra resources should be turn off temporarily and turn back on whenever they needed. In this paper, we propose an automatic resource provisioning approach based on reinforcement learning for auto-scaling resources according to Markov Decision Process (MDP). Simulation Results show that the rate of Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation and stability that the proposed approach better performance compared to the similar approaches

An Optimal Virtual Machine Placement Method in Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing is formally known as an Internet-centered computing technique used for computing purposes in the cloud network. It must compute on a system where an application may simultaneously run on many connected computers. Cloud computing uses computing resources to achieve the efficiency of data centres using the virtualization concept in the cloud. The load balancers consistently allocate the workloads to all the virtual machines in the cloud to avoid an overload situation. The virtualization process implements the instances from the physical state machines to fully utilize servers. Then the dynamic data centres encompass a stochastic modelling approach for resource optimization for high performance in a cloud computing environment. This paper defines the virtualization process for obtaining energy productivity in cloud data centres. The algorithm proposed involves a stochastic modelling approach in cloud data centres for resource optimization. The load balancing method is applied in the cloud data centres to obtain the appropriate efficiency

Minimizing Energy Consumption in Data Centers Using Embedded Sensors and Machine Learning

Cloud Data Centers (DCs) consume extensive amounts of energy, making a significant contribution to environmental concerns. Moreover, with the emergence of 5G and future B5G networks, which are increasingly inclined towards software orientation and reliant on cloud computing, there is an urgent requirement for optimizing the energy consumption of DCs. We address this issue by proposing an energy-aware Virtual Machine (VM) placement solution for energy minimization. In the first part of this study, we propose a highly accurate model for predicting the dynamic power consumption of cloud computing devices. Our proposal takes advantage of the various sensors that are now embedded in physical machines, or more generally in cloud server machines, as well as Performance Monitoring Counters (PMCs) to implement a highly accurate Machine Learning (ML) power prediction model. The core part of this study then integrates the novel feature space of real-time sensors’ measurements and the predictive power model to propose a scalable placement algorithm, enabling proactive and energy-aware Virtual Machine placements. In addition, it utilizes a new set of temperature-related features that enables proactive hotspot avoidance. Our ML predictive models, as well as our proposed placement algorithm, were extensively evaluated on a cluster of real physical machines and demonstrated a significantly higher performance as compared to the implemented reference models and algorithms, reducing energy consumption by up to 7%, CPU temperature by 2%, and overloading by 28%