Sliding mode stabilisation of networked systems with consecutive data packet dropouts using only accessible information

© 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This paper develops a novel stabilising sliding mode for systems involving uncertainties as well as measurement data packet dropouts. In contrast to the existing literature that designs the switching function by using unavailable system states, a novel linear sliding function is constructed by employing only the available communicated system states for the systems involving measurement packet losses. This also equips us with the possibility to build a novel switching component for discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC) by using only available system states. Finally, using a numerical example, we evaluate the performance of the designed DSMC for networked systems

Fault Estimation Schemes of Wireless Networked Control Systems for Real-Time Industrial Applications

Bedingt durch das rasante Wachstum der Mikroelektronik sowie der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien wurde viel Aufmerksamkeit der Erforschung von drahtlos vernetzten Regelsystemen (W-NCS) gewidmet. Die Entwicklung der W-NCS schuf neue Herausforderungen für die Technologien zur Fehlerabschätzung (FE) bezüglich Störungen bei der Datenübertragung, wie zum Beispiel Übertragungsverzögerung, Paketverlust und Jitter. Um die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit des Systems zu gewährleisten, ist die Entwicklung eines effektiven FE Ansatzes in vernetzten Systemen von zentraler Bedeutung. Andererseits sollten mit der Ausrichtung auf Anwendungen in der Echtzeit-Industrieautomatisierung die spezifischen Eigenschaften der Netzwerke angemessen berücksichtigt werden. Da die Aufgabe der Übertragung von Messungen und Steuerbefehlen in der Regel über einen Zeitraum deterministisch ist, sollten ein deterministischer Übertragungsmechanismus und die entsprechenden FE Verfahren vorgeschlagen werden. Motiviert durch die weit verbreitete Verwendung von sowohl zentralen und als auch dezentralen Strukturen in industriellen Prozesse, ist die Entwicklung sowohl von zentralen und als auch von dezentralen FE Methoden für W-NCS in der Industrieautomation das primäre Ziel dieser Arbeit. Diese Arbeit widmet sich zuerst der Modellierung der Prozesse und der Kommunikationsstruktur. Für die Modellierung der Kommunikation wird das Medium Access Control (MAC) Protokoll basierend auf dem Mehrfachzugriff im Zeitmultiplex (TDMA) modifiziert, um die Echtzeitfähigkeit zu gewährleisten. Das Prozessmodell wird unter Berücksichtigung der Abtastraten auf Basis der hierarchischen Struktur des W-NCS aufgestellt. Durch die Berücksichtigung der Unsicherheit von Netzwerken und Auswirkungen von Fehlern wird ein linear periodisches (LP) Systemmodell, durch die Integration des Kommunikationsmodells und des Prozessmodells, als Basis für die spätere Entwicklung präsentiert. Die weiteren Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf die Entwicklung von FE Modellen für zentrale und dezentrale W-NCS. Um eine erhöhte Robustheit gegen unbekannte Störungen und den Schätzfehler des Anfangszustandes zu erreichen, wird ein zentraler FE Ansatz mit Hilfe des stochastischen Modells im Krein Raum vorgeschlagen. Für die dezentrale FE wird der Algorithmus für jedes Teilsystem implementiert und die Kopplungsbeziehungen zwischen den Teilsystemen entsprechend berücksichtigt. Basierend darauf werden die FE Ansätze mit zwei Arten von Residuensignalen präsentiert, nicht-verteilten Residuen und verteilten Residuen,. Um die Wirksamkeit der entwickelten FE Ansätze darzustellen, wird in dieser Arbeit die Industrieplattform WiNC, zumammen mit einem Dreitanksystem verwendet. Die FE Algorithmen wurden in den drei Datenübertragungsfällen Fehlerfrei, mit Verzögerungen und mit Paketverlust verifiziert, so dass die Robustheit gegenüber einer unvollkommenen Kommunikation demonstriert wird. Darüber hinaus wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit bezüglich Sensor- und Aktuator-FE ausgiebig auf der WiNC Plattform getestet.With the rapid growth of microelectronics, information and communication technologies, much attention has been paid on the research of wireless networked control systems (W-NCSs). The development of W-NCSs raises new challenges in fault estimation (FE) technology regarding to the imperfect data transmission, such as transmission delay, packet loss, jitter and so on. To ensure the system safety and reliability, an effective FE approach over networks is of prime importance to be developed. On the other hand, aiming for the applications on real-time industrial automation, the specific characteristics of network should be properly considered. Since the transmission tasks of measurements and control commands are normally deterministic over a period of time, a deterministic transmission mechanism and the relevant FE scheme should be proposed. Motivated by the widespread popularity of centralized and decentralized structures for industrial processes, development of both centralized and decentralized FE schemes for W-NCSs, which can be applied on industrial automation, is the primary objective of this thesis. This thesis is first dedicated to the modeling of communication and process. For the communication modeling, time division multiple access (TDMA) based medium access control (MAC) protocol is modified to guarantee the real-time performance. The process model is built considering multirate sampling based on the hierarchical structure of W-NCSs. By observing the uncertainty of networks and effects of faults, a linear periodic (LP) system model, which is the integration of communication model and process model, is presented as a basis for the later developments. The further study focuses on the development of FE schemes for both centralized and decentralized W-NCSs. To reach an enhanced robustness against unknown disturbance and initial state estimate error, the centralized FE approach is proposed with the help of stochastic model in Krein space. For decentralized FE, the algorithm is implemented by every sub-system, and the coupling relations between sub-systems should be properly considered. Based on it, the FE approaches are presented with two kinds of residual signals, i.e., non-shared residuals and shared residuals, respectively. To illustrate the effectiveness of the derived FE approaches, an industrial platform WiNC integrated with three-tank system is utilized in this thesis. The FE algorithms have been verified for three data transmission cases, i.e., sampling-based, delay and packet loss, so that the robustness against imperfect communication is demonstrated. Moreover, the performances of sensor and actuator FE have also been tested well on WiNC platform

Aerial Vehicles

This book contains 35 chapters written by experts in developing techniques for making aerial vehicles more intelligent, more reliable, more flexible in use, and safer in operation.It will also serve as an inspiration for further improvement of the design and application of aeral vehicles. The advanced techniques and research described here may also be applicable to other high-tech areas such as robotics, avionics, vetronics, and space

Discrete Time Systems

Discrete-Time Systems comprehend an important and broad research field. The consolidation of digital-based computational means in the present, pushes a technological tool into the field with a tremendous impact in areas like Control, Signal Processing, Communications, System Modelling and related Applications. This book attempts to give a scope in the wide area of Discrete-Time Systems. Their contents are grouped conveniently in sections according to significant areas, namely Filtering, Fixed and Adaptive Control Systems, Stability Problems and Miscellaneous Applications. We think that the contribution of the book enlarges the field of the Discrete-Time Systems with signification in the present state-of-the-art. Despite the vertiginous advance in the field, we also believe that the topics described here allow us also to look through some main tendencies in the next years in the research area

Putting reaction-diffusion systems into port-Hamiltonian framework

Reaction-diffusion systems model the evolution of the constituents distributed in space under the influence of chemical reactions and diffusion [6], [10]. These systems arise naturally in chemistry [5], but can also be used to model dynamical processes beyond the realm of chemistry such as biology, ecology, geology, and physics. In this paper, by adopting the viewpoint of port-controlled Hamiltonian systems [7] we cast reaction-diffusion systems into the portHamiltonian framework. Aside from offering conceptually a clear geometric interpretation formalized by a Stokes-Dirac structure [8], a port-Hamiltonian perspective allows to treat these dissipative systems as interconnected and thus makes their analysis, both quantitative and qualitative, more accessible from a modern dynamical systems and control theory point of view. This modeling approach permits us to draw immediately some conclusions regarding passivity and stability of reaction-diffusion systems. It is well-known that adding diffusion to the reaction system can generate behaviors absent in the ode case. This primarily pertains to the problem of diffusion-driven instability which constitutes the basis of Turing’s mechanism for pattern formation [11], [5]. Here the treatment of reaction-diffusion systems as dissipative distributed portHamiltonian systems could prove to be instrumental in supply of the results on absorbing sets, the existence of the maximal attractor and stability analysis. Furthermore, by adopting a discrete differential geometrybased approach [9] and discretizing the reaction-diffusion system in port-Hamiltonian form, apart from preserving a geometric structure, a compartmental model analogous to the standard one [1], [2] is obtaine