39 research outputs found
Machine Learning Algorithm for the Scansion of Old Saxon Poetry
Several scholars designed tools to perform the automatic scansion of poetry in many languages, but none of these tools
deal with Old Saxon or Old English. This project aims to be a first attempt to create a tool for these languages. We
implemented a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model to perform the automatic scansion of Old Saxon
and Old English poems. Since this model uses supervised learning, we manually annotated the Heliand manuscript, and
we used the resulting corpus as labeled dataset to train the model. The evaluation of the performance of the algorithm
reached a 97% for the accuracy and a 99% of weighted average for precision, recall and F1 Score. In addition, we tested
the model with some verses from the Old Saxon Genesis and some from The Battle of Brunanburh, and we observed that
the model predicted almost all Old Saxon metrical patterns correctly misclassified the majority of the Old English input
verses
Thinking outside the TBox multiparty service matchmaking as information retrieval
Service oriented computing is crucial to a large and growing number of computational
undertakings. Central to its approach are the open and network-accessible services
provided by many different organisations, and which in turn enable the easy creation
of composite workflows. This leads to an environment containing many thousands of
services, in which a programmer or automated composition system must discover and
select services appropriate for the task at hand. This discovery and selection process is
known as matchmaking.
Prior work in the field has conceived the problem as one of sufficiently describing
individual services using formal, symbolic knowledge representation languages. We
review the prior work, and present arguments for why it is optimistic to assume that
this approach will be adequate by itself. With these issues in mind, we examine
how, by reformulating the task and giving the matchmaker a record of prior service
performance, we can alleviate some of the problems. Using two formalismsâthe
incidence calculus and the lightweight coordination calculusâalong with algorithms
inspired by information retrieval techniques, we evolve a series of simple matchmaking
agents that learn from experience how to select those services which performed well in
the past, while making minimal demands on the service users. We extend this mechanism
to the overlooked case of matchmaking in workflows using multiple services, selecting
groups of services known to inter-operate well. We examine the performance of such
matchmakers in possible future services environments, and discuss issues in applying
such techniques in large-scale deployments
Machine Medical Ethics
In medical settings, machines are in close proximity with human beings: with patients who are in vulnerable states of health, who have disabilities of various kinds, with the very young or very old, and with medical professionals. Machines in these contexts are undertaking important medical tasks that require emotional sensitivity, knowledge of medical codes, human dignity, and privacy.
As machine technology advances, ethical concerns become more urgent: should medical machines be programmed to follow a code of medical ethics? What theory or theories should constrain medical machine conduct? What design features are required? Should machines share responsibility with humans for the ethical consequences of medical actions? How ought clinical relationships involving machines to be modeled? Is a capacity for empathy and emotion detection necessary? What about consciousness?
The essays in this collection by researchers from both humanities and science describe various theoretical and experimental approaches to adding medical ethics to a machine, what design features are necessary in order to achieve this, philosophical and practical questions concerning justice, rights, decision-making and responsibility, and accurately modeling essential physician-machine-patient relationships.
This collection is the first book to address these 21st-century concerns