272,736 research outputs found
Spectrum-Efficient Triple-Layer Hybrid Optical OFDM for IM/DD-Based Optical Wireless Communications
In this paper, a triple-layer hybrid optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(THO-OFDM) for intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) systems with a high spectral efficiency is proposed. We combine N-point asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (ACO-OFDM), N/2-point ACO-OFDM, and N/2-point pulse amplitude modulated discrete
multitoned (PAM-DMT) in a single frame for simultaneous transmission. The time- and frequency-domain
demodulation methods are introduced by fully exploiting the special structure of the proposed THO-OFDM.
Theoretical analysis show that, the proposed THO-OFDM can reach the spectral efficiency limit of the
conventional layered ACO-OFDM (LACO-OFDM). Simulation results demonstrate that, the time-domain
receiver offers improved bit error rate (BER) performance compared with the frequency-domain with ∼40%
reduced computation complexity when using 512 subcarriers. Furthermore, we show a 3 dB improvement
in the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared with LACO-OFDM for the same three layers
Frequency Regulation in Smart Microgrids Based on Load Estimation
The desired frequency is maintained in Smart Microgrid (SMG) when the generated power matches the grid load. Variability of wind power and fluctuations of the load are the main obstacles for performance improvement of frequency regulation in SMG. Active Power Control (APC) services provided by wind power generators is one of the main sources for performance improvement in frequency regulation. New coordinated APC architecture, which involves simultaneous speed and pitch control actions delivers desired power to the grid despite significant variations of the wind power. A tool-kit with discrete-time input estimation algorithms, which estimate input quantity using output measurements is presented. Unmeasurable load fluctuations are estimated with input estimation method using measurements of grid frequency deviation. Desired power for APC is driven by estimated and a priori known loads. This observer-based control method reduces the risk of overshoots and oscillations in frequency regulation loop compared to PID controllers driven directly by the frequency deviation. The stability of the closed loop frequency control system is proved, and simulation results show that observer-based control architecture provides significant improvement of the frequency regulation in SMG
Enhanced 3-D OCDMA code family using asymmetric run length constraints
Abstract : This paper suggests an enhanced performance of the 3-D optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) codes, a space/wavelength/time spreading family of codes. The initial codes are in the format wavelength hopping/time sequence (WH/TS), selected according to their performance requirements and the TS sequence is constructed to achieve a linear space- time complexity. The asymmetric run length constraints are introduced in that regard, such that the positive bit positions align with the encoder/decoder frequency spacing pattern, yielding a 3-D WH/WS/TS. The selected 2-D OCDMA codes are one- coincidence frequency hopping codes (OCFHC) and optical orthogonal codes (OOC). As a time sequence code, the OOC code length is extended with a code rate of 0.04. The complexity and the bit error rate (BER) are herein given and compared with previous work. The results of the performance show not only an improvement in the number of simultaneous users due to the code length extension, but better correlation properties and hence a better signal-to-noise ratio
Time-Varying Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Improving Efficiency
Conventional wireless power transfer systems are linear and time-invariant,
which sets fundamental limitations on their performance, including a tradeoff
between transfer efficiency and the level of transferred power. In this paper,
we introduce and study a possibility of temporal modulation for inductive
wireless power transfer systems and uncover that this tradeoff is avoided as a
consequence of varying the inductive coupling strength in time. Our theoretical
analysis reveals that under the optimal modulation depth and phase, the time
modulation can yield a substantial improvement in the WPT efficiency, while the
received power at the load is also improved compared to the static WPT
reference system. We experimentally demonstrate the concept with a
low-frequency system and observe a threefold improvement in efficiency over the
reference static counterpart. This technical capability reconciles the inherent
tradeoff between the WPT efficiency and transferred power, paving the way for
simultaneous advancements in both efficiency and delivered power
An objective test tool for pitch extractors' response attributes
We propose an objective measurement method for pitch extractors' responses to
frequency-modulated signals. It enables us to evaluate different pitch
extractors with unified criteria. The method uses extended time-stretched
pulses combined by binary orthogonal sequences. It provides simultaneous
measurement results consisting of the linear and the non-linear time-invariant
responses and random and time-varying responses. We tested representative pitch
extractors using fundamental frequencies spanning 80~Hz to 400~Hz with 1/48
octave steps and produced more than 1000 modulation frequency response plots.
We found that making scientific visualization by animating these plots enables
us to understand different pitch extractors' behavior at once. Such efficient
and effortless inspection is impossible by inspecting all individual plots. The
proposed measurement method with visualization leads to further improvement of
the performance of one of the extractors mentioned above. In other words, our
procedure turns the specific pitch extractor into the best reliable measuring
equipment that is crucial for scientific research. We open-sourced MATLAB codes
of the proposed objective measurement method and visualization procedure.Comment: 5 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Interspeech2022. arXiv admin note:
text overlap with arXiv:2111.0362
Implementing and Characterizing Real-time Broadband RFI Excision for the GMRT Wideband Backend
The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is being upgraded to increase the
receiver sensitivity. This makes the receiver more susceptible to man-made
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI). To improve the receiver performance in
presence of RFI, real-time RFI excision (filtering) is incorporated in the GMRT
wideband backend (GWB). The RFI filtering system is implemented on FPGA and
CPU-GPU platforms to detect and remove broadband and narrowband RFI. The RFI is
detected using a threshold-based technique where the threshold is computed
using Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) estimator. The filtering is carried out
by replacing the RFI samples by either noise samples or constant value or
threshold. This paper describes the status of the real-time broadband RFI
excision system in the wideband receiver chain of the upgraded GMRT (uGMRT).
The test methodology for carrying out various tests to demonstrate the
performance of broadband RFI excision at the system level and on radio
astronomical imaging experiments are also described.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
RePP-C: runtime estimation of performance-power with workload consolidation in CMPs
Configuration of hardware knobs in multicore environments for meeting performance-power demands constitutes a desirable feature in modern data centers. At the same time, high energy efficiency (performance per watt) requires optimal thread-to-core assignment. In this paper, we present the runtime estimator (RePP-C) for performance-power, characterized by processor frequency states (P-states), a wide range of sleep intervals (Cl-states) and workload consolidation. We also present a schema for frequency and contention-aware thread-to-core assignment (FACTS) which considers various thread demands. The proposed solution (RePP-C) selects a given hardware configuration for each active core to ensure that the performance-power demands are satisfied while using the scheduling schema (FACTS) for mapping threads-to-cores. Our results show that FACTS improves over other state-of-the-art schedulers like Distributed Intensity Online (DIO) and native Linux scheduler by 8.25% and 37.56% in performance, with simultaneous improvement in energy efficiency by 6.2% and 14.17%, respectively. Moreover, we prove the usability of RePP-C by predicting performance and power for 7 different types of workloads and 10 different QoS targets. The results show an average error of 7.55% and 8.96% (with 95% confidence interval) when predicting energy and performance respectively.This work has been partially supported by the European Union FP7 program through the Mont-Blanc-2 project (FP7-ICT-610402), by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad
under contract Computacion de Altas Prestaciones VII (TIN2015-65316-P), and the Departament d’Innovacio, Universitats i Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya, under project MPEXPAR: Models de Programacio i Entorns d’Execucio Paral.lels (2014-SGR-1051).Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
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