692,233 research outputs found
Image fusion for a nighttime driving display
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).An investigation into image fusion for a nighttime driving display application was performed. Most of the image fusion techniques being investigated in this application were developed for other purposes. When comparing the images of a typical night driving scene to the images used in medical or satellite image fusion it becomes apparent that most of the techniques developed for other fields would be overkill in a nighttime driving display application. This observation motivated the development of a set of image fusion techniques specifically for the nighttime driving display application using the computationally simple Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform. This thesis presents the techniques that were developed and the details of their implementation.by William Frederick Herrington, Jr.S.M
Batch Policy Learning under Constraints
When learning policies for real-world domains, two important questions arise:
(i) how to efficiently use pre-collected off-policy, non-optimal behavior data;
and (ii) how to mediate among different competing objectives and constraints.
We thus study the problem of batch policy learning under multiple constraints,
and offer a systematic solution. We first propose a flexible meta-algorithm
that admits any batch reinforcement learning and online learning procedure as
subroutines. We then present a specific algorithmic instantiation and provide
performance guarantees for the main objective and all constraints. To certify
constraint satisfaction, we propose a new and simple method for off-policy
policy evaluation (OPE) and derive PAC-style bounds. Our algorithm achieves
strong empirical results in different domains, including in a challenging
problem of simulated car driving subject to multiple constraints such as lane
keeping and smooth driving. We also show experimentally that our OPE method
outperforms other popular OPE techniques on a standalone basis, especially in a
high-dimensional setting
Microscopic model of a phononic refrigerator
We analyze a simple microscopic model to pump heat from a cold to a hot
reservoir in a nanomechanical system. The model consists of a one-dimensional
chain of masses and springs coupled to a back gate through which a
time-dependent perturbation is applied. The action of the gate is to modulate
the coupling of the masses to a substrate via additional springs that introduce
a moving phononic barrier. We solve the problem numerically using
non-equilibrium Green function techniques. For low driving frequencies and for
sharp traveling barriers, we show that this microscopic model realizes a phonon
refrigerator.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
How dissipation constrains fluctuations in nonequilibrium liquids: Diffusion, structure and biased interactions
The dynamics and structure of nonequilibrium liquids, driven by
non-conservative forces which can be either external or internal, generically
hold the signature of the net dissipation of energy in the thermostat. Yet,
disentangling precisely how dissipation changes collective effects remains
challenging in many-body systems due to the complex interplay between driving
and particle interactions. First, we combine explicit coarse-graining and
stochastic calculus to obtain simple relations between diffusion, density
correlations and dissipation in nonequilibrium liquids. Based on these results,
we consider large-deviation biased ensembles where trajectories mimic the
effect of an external drive. The choice of the biasing function is informed by
the connection between dissipation and structure derived in the first part.
Using analytical and computational techniques, we show that biasing
trajectories effectively renormalizes interactions in a controlled manner, thus
providing intuition on how driving forces can lead to spatial organization and
collective dynamics. Altogether, our results show how tuning dissipation
provides a route to alter the structure and dynamics of liquids and soft
materials.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
Return-Map Cryptanalysis Revisited
As a powerful cryptanalysis tool, the method of return-map attacks can be
used to extract secret messages masked by chaos in secure communication
schemes. Recently, a simple defensive mechanism was presented to enhance the
security of chaotic parameter modulation schemes against return-map attacks.
Two techniques are combined in the proposed defensive mechanism: multistep
parameter modulation and alternative driving of two different transmitter
variables. This paper re-studies the security of this proposed defensive
mechanism against return-map attacks, and points out that the security was much
over-estimated in the original publication for both ciphertext-only attack and
known/chosen-plaintext attacks. It is found that a deterministic relationship
exists between the shape of the return map and the modulated parameter, and
that such a relationship can be used to dramatically enhance return-map attacks
thereby making them quite easy to break the defensive mechanism.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Evaluation of ecodriving performances and teaching method: comparing training and simple advice
Eco-driving style is widely known to induce up to 20% fuel consumption reduction, but little is known about differences due to different learning methods. In order to evaluate the potential impacts of future ecological driving assistance system (EDAS) in comparison with usual techniques, a statistical approach is proposed. Two kinds of experiments are analysed in this paper: In the first one, simple advice were given to the participants, while in the second one, full courses with eco-driving experts were used. Performance indicators were derived from five commonly referred golden rules of eco-driving and used as model inputs. Different kind of statistical models are discussed, among which we choose to apply the ordinary logistic regression to assess the effects of each driving advice separately Results show that ecodriving advices are better applied after a course than just providing tips. The approach is then extended to build a generic model that can be used both to characterize and evaluate eco-driving style
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