Improving initiation, decision and execution phases for vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless mobile networks

One of the challenging issues in Next Generation Wireless Systems (NGWS) is seamless Vertical Handover (VHO) during the mobility between different types of technologies (3GPP and non-3GPP) such as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and Long Term Evolution (LTE). Therefore, the telecommunication operators are required to develop aninteroperability strategy for these different types of existing networks to get the best connection anywhere, anytime without interruption of the ongoing sessions. In order to identify this problem accurately, the research study presented in this thesis provides four surveys about VHO approaches found in the literature. In these surveys, we classify the existing VHO approaches into categories based on the available VHO techniques for which we present their objectives and performances issues. After that, we propose an optimised VHO approach based on the VHO approaches that have been studied in the literature and take into consideration the research problems and conclusions which arearisen in our surveys. The proposed approach demonstrates better performance (packet loss, latency and signaling cost), less VHO connection failure (probability of minimising VHO reject sessions), less complexity and an enhanced VHO compared with that foundin the literature. It consists of a procedure which is implemented by an algorithm. The proposed procedure of loose coupling and Mobile Internet Protocol version 4 (MIPv4) provides early buffering for new data packets to minimise VHO packet loss and latency. Analysis and simulation of the proposed procedure show that the VHO packet loss and latency are significantly reduced compared with previous MIPv6 procedures found in the literature.The proposed algorithm is composed of two main parts: Handover Initiation and Optimum Radio Access Technologies (RATs) list of priority. The first part includes two main types of VHO and gives priority to imperative sessions over alternative sessions. IIIThis part is also responsible for deciding when and where to perform the handover by choosing the best RATs from the multiple ones available. Then, it passes them to the decision phase. This results in reducing the signaling cost and the inevitable degradation in Quality of Service (QoS) as a result of avoiding unnecessary handover processes. The second part defines RATs list of priority to minimise VHO connection failure. Analysis and simulation based performance evaluations then demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional algorithms in terms of: (a) the probability of VHOconnection failure as a result of using the optimum RATs list of priority and (b) thesignaling cost and the inevitable degradation in QoS as a result of avoiding unnecessary handover processes

Astronautics and aeronautics, 1974: A chronology

The 14th volume in the NASA series of day-by-day records of aeronautical and space events has somewhat narrowed its scope and selectivity in its brief accounts from immediately available, open sources. This year the emphasis is even more directly focused on concrete air and space activities. The text continues to reflect some events in other agencies and countries

Conception d'un matelas passif sur mesure

Cette thèse intègre la conception d'un matelas passif sur mesure permettant de limiter la formation des escarres de décubitus et se divise en deux phases. La première propose un nouvel outil de caractérisation de matelas passifs fournissant des informations sur la pression au contact et sur les propriétés mécaniques (support, viscoélasticité). Cet outil permet d'effectuer des comparaisons objectives par l'utilisation d'un protocole de mesure standard. La seconde phase correspond à la conception d'un matelas passif sur mesure. Une technologie originale à base de mousse de polyuréthane est utilisée pour la confection de la couche de support. Elle est dimensionnée à partir d'un algorithme, dénommé système expert. Ce dernier utilise comme données d'entrées l'interaction entre la couche de support et des corps rigides, qui est modélisée par la méthode des éléments finis, et la morphologie d'un être humain, qui est approximée par une nouvelle méthode faisant appel à un simple appareil photographique. Le système expert est validé expérimentalement et des tests cliniques démontrent le caractère préventif du matelas proposé

Accounting trends and techniques, 45th annual survey, 1991 edition

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_att/1035/thumbnail.jp

Accounting trends and techniques, 44th annual survey, 1990 edition

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_att/1034/thumbnail.jp

Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes

This bibliography lists 1428 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system from January 1, 1980 through March 31, 1980

Energy: A continuing bibliography with indexes, issue 20

A bibliography is presented which lists 1250 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System from October 1, 1978 through December 31, 1978