A schema-based P2P network to enable publish-subscribe for multimedia content in open hypermedia systems

Open Hypermedia Systems (OHS) aim to provide efficient dissemination, adaptation and integration of hyperlinked multimedia resources. Content available in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks could add significant value to OHS provided that challenges for efficient discovery and prompt delivery of rich and up-to-date content are successfully addressed. This paper proposes an architecture that enables the operation of OHS over a P2P overlay network of OHS servers based on semantic annotation of (a) peer OHS servers and of (b) multimedia resources that can be obtained through the link services of the OHS. The architecture provides efficient resource discovery. Semantic query-based subscriptions over this P2P network can enable access to up-to-date content, while caching at certain peers enables prompt delivery of multimedia content. Advanced query resolution techniques are employed to match different parts of subscription queries (subqueries). These subscriptions can be shared among different interested peers, thus increasing the efficiency of multimedia content dissemination

Optimising Structured P2P Networks for Complex Queries

With network enabled consumer devices becoming increasingly popular, the number of connected devices and available services is growing considerably - with the number of connected devices es- timated to surpass 15 billion devices by 2015. In this increasingly large and dynamic environment it is important that users have a comprehensive, yet efficient, mechanism to discover services. Many existing wide-area service discovery mechanisms are centralised and do not scale to large numbers of users. Additionally, centralised services suffer from issues such as a single point of failure, high maintenance costs, and difficulty of management. As such, this Thesis seeks a Peer to Peer (P2P) approach. Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) are well known for their high scalability, financially low barrier of entry, and ability to self manage. They can be used to provide not just a platform on which peers can offer and consume services, but also as a means for users to discover such services. Traditionally DHTs provide a distributed key-value store, with no search functionality. In recent years many P2P systems have been proposed providing support for a sub-set of complex query types, such as keyword search, range queries, and semantic search. This Thesis presents a novel algorithm for performing any type of complex query, from keyword search, to complex regular expressions, to full-text search, over any structured P2P overlay. This is achieved by efficiently broadcasting the search query, allowing each peer to process the query locally, and then efficiently routing responses back to the originating peer. Through experimentation, this technique is shown to be successful when the network is stable, however performance degrades under high levels of network churn. To address the issue of network churn, this Thesis proposes a number of enhancements which can be made to existing P2P overlays in order to improve the performance of both the existing DHT and the proposed algorithm. Through two case studies these enhancements are shown to improve not only the performance of the proposed algorithm under churn, but also the performance of traditional lookup operations in these networks

Schema matching in a peer-to-peer database system

Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-118).Peer-to-peer or P2P systems are applications that allow a network of peers to share resources in a scalable and efficient manner. My research is concerned with the use of P2P systems for sharing databases. To allow data mediation between peers' databases, schema mappings need to exist, which are mappings between semantically equivalent attributes in different peers' schemas. Mappings can either be defined manually or found semi-automatically using a technique called schema matching. However, schema matching has not been used much in dynamic environments, such as P2P networks. Therefore, this thesis investigates how to enable effective semi-automated schema matching within a P2P network

A schema-based peer-to-peer infrastructure for digital library networks

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Top-K retrieval in peer to peer networks

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Managing metadata in open learning repositories and P2P networks

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Data Management in the APPA System

International audienceCombining Grid and P2P technologies can be exploited to provide high-level data sharing in large-scale distributed environments. However, this combination must deal with two hard problems: the scale of the network and the dynamic behavior of the nodes. In this paper, we present our solution in APPA (Atlas Peer-to-Peer Architecture), a data management system with high-level services for building large-scale distributed applications. We focus on data availability and data discovery which are two main requirements for implementing large-scale Grids. We have validated APPA's services through a combination of experimentation over Grid5000, which is a very large Grid experimental platform, and simulation using SimJava. The results show very good performance in terms of communication cost and response time

Adaptive Overlays in Peer-to-Peer Networks

Drei aktuelle Trends haben neue Perspektiven für die Recherche in Unternehmensdaten geschaffen: Eine Explosion lokal gespeicherter Daten, der Bedarf des Austausches dieser Daten in und zwischen einzelnen Unternehmen und ein zunehmender Kundenwunsch nach einer integrativen Suche in lokalen und entfernten Quellen. Alle drei Aspekte zusammen bewirken einen Marktwert für Dienste der Art 'Integrierte Suche'. Ein wesentlicher Teilaspekt eines unternehmensübergreifenden Suchdienstes ist die Auswahl relevanter Datenquellen, beispielsweise vernetzte Desktops im Unternehmen. Der Mehrwert dieses Dienstes entsteht in der effizienten und geschickten Auswahl von Quellen; der Dienst soll möglichst wenig Quellen anfragen und trotzdem möglichst alle relevanten Quellen finden. Aufgrund der Unübersehbarkeit und Dynamik der Daten sowie der Volatilität und Autonomie der Quellen ist die Entwicklung dieses Dienstes eine besondere Herausforderung für die Informatik. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschreibt einen solchen Dienst am Beispiel von Peer-to-Peer Netzwerken. Inspiriert durch Milgram's Untersuchungen der Small World Netzwerke entwickeln wir eine neue Routing Strategie für ein volatiles Netzwerk, in dem ein Peer eine Person repräsentiert. Aus den Interaktionen der Peers leiten wir zusätzliche Verbindungen im Netzwerk, sogenannte Shortcuts, ab, die jeder Peer lokal in einem Index speichert. Dadurch entsteht ein Overlay Netzwerk, welches eine für das effiziente Routing besonders hilfreiche Anordnung der Peers aufweist: Peers mit ähnlichen Interessen sind direkt miteinander vernetzt. Eine dynamische Kombination von themenspezifischen, vernetzungsabhängigen und zufälligen Routing Strategien entlang der Shortcuts ermöglicht die gezielte und effiziente Auswahl relevanter Quellen mit minimaler Belastung des Netzwerkes und ohne manuelle Unterstützung durch den Benutzer. Für die Verwaltung der lokalen Shortcut Indices entwickeln wir einen neue Indexstrategie. Diese erlaubt die gezielte Aktualisierung lokal gespeicherter Shortcuts und berücksichtigt sowohl Änderungen der Verfügbarkeit von Quellen als auch von Daten im Netzwerk. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit unterstützen maßgeblich die Entwicklung eines integrierten Suchdienstes. Simulationen zeigen, dass, gegenüber vergleichbaren Ansätzen, der Recall für eine Anfrage deutlich erhöht und die Kosten für eine Anfrage drastisch gesenkt werden. Shortcut Overlay Netzwerke sind robust, sie tolerieren wechselnde Interessen sowie eine hohe Volatilität der Peers. Diese Eigenschaften, kombiniert mit der vollständig lokalen Erstellung, Auswahl und Verwaltung der Indices, machen Shortcut Overlay Netzwerke zu einer sehr vielversprechenden Alternative zu Flooding-basierten Ansätzen oder verteilten Hashtabellen.In research and business currently we notify three key trends: the explosion of unstructured data; the critical need to formally manage content; and internetworking and collaboration within and between enterprises. Peer-to-Peer information systems address the need to access content wherever it resides, to produce content while maintaining control over it, and to collaborate efficiently by sharing real-time data within a distributed network of stakeholders. Enterprises that are highly dependent on sharing real-time information across geographically spread knowledge workers are likely to benefit immediately from peer-to-peer information systems. This thesis focuses on the issue of determining a relevant peer in a completely decentralized and volatile setting without any static peers, such as necessitated by peer-to-peer information systems in virtual organizations. Example applications, such as the networked semantic desktop and legal music sharing, serve as rationale throughout the thesis. We discuss, which routing strategies exist, when they should be used, and -most importantly- how can we enhance their recall and lower their communication costs. The full autonomy of peers as well as the full control of their own resources preclude prominent resource location and query routing schemes, such as distributed hash tables. We propose a new resource location and a semantic query routing approach that exploits social metaphors of topical experts and experts' experts as well as semantic similarity of queries and information sources. The novel design principle of our approach lies in the dynamic adaptation of the network topology, driven by the history of successful or semantically similar queries. This is memorized by using bounded local shortcut indexes storing semantically labelled shortcuts and a dynamic shortcut selection strategy, which forwards queries to a community of peers that are likely to best answer queries. Our results support the development of a completely decentralized peer-to-peer information system significant. Extensive simulations show that the clustering of peers within semantic communities drastically improves the overall performance of our algorithm even in a highly volatile setting, while our index policy locally indices the 'right' peers, that provide resources to the core interests of a requesting peer. Shortcut overlays are robust; they tolerate interests shifts and high network volatility. These attractive properties, combined with the locality preserving design of the index management and peer selection algorithm, pose shortcut overlay networks as a very promising alternative to state of the art semantic routing approaches