Metaphorical Adjectives Describing Human in Javanese

This study examines metaphorical adjectives describing humans in Javanese. The metaphorical adjective is literally used to describe nouns other than humans but figuratively used to describe humans. This study aims to describe metaphorical adjectives used to characterize humans figuratively based on their meaning type. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data in this study are adjectives used to describe humans in Javanese metaphorically. Thedata corpus is taken from written and oral sources. The written sources are taken from the Dictionary of Baoesastra Djawa written by Poerwadarminta dan Javanese Dictionary written by the Language Center Team of Yogyakarta and a Javanese short story from the anthology of Javanese literature short story 2007 Kidung Megatruh (22 short stories) and short story of Yogyakarta Javanese in 2000-2010 (87 short stories). Data analysis techniques are inductive, with identification and classification techniques following research objectives. Based on the result, 43 adjectives are used to describe humans with metaphorical meanings. The adjectives are divided into six types: adjectives of positive character marker, negative character marker, positive mental condition marker, negative mental condition marker, positive physical condition marker, and negative physical condition marker. The use of metaphorical adjectives explaining humans in Javanese shows that the creativity of Javanese linguists is good at utilizing existing lexicons to express ideas by distorting their meaning without creating a new lexicon

Eine linguistische Studie von Shakespeares Adjektiven

The dissertation analyses adjective structures in six of Shakespeare's plays (Henry VIII, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, Love's Labor's Lost, The Tempest, Richard III). After a description of the corpus, the definition of which lexemes are considered adjectives in this corpus of Early Modern English plays, the dissertation delimits the word class adjective from other word classes. The three main chapters present a study of Shakespeare's adjectival means of conciseness by analysing (i) predicative comparative structures, relating them to their underlying semantic meaning, (ii) attributive transpositions, presenting test methods of distinguishing these special adjectives from other adjectival constructions as well as several different types of pre- and postnominal transpositions and (iii) by analysing predicative and attributive compound structures, for which a preference of syntactic position and specific genre was found out as well as a division into synthetic and analytic compounds. The detailed appendix of the dissertation lists all of the examples of the three different structures analysed in the dissertation.Die Dissertation analysiert Adjektivkonstruktionen in sechs von Shakespeares Stücken (Heinrich VIII, Romeo und Julia, König Lear, Vergebene Liebesmüh, Der Sturm, Richard III). Nach einer Beschreibung des Korpusmaterials folgt die Definition, welche Lexeme in der vorliegenden Dissertation über frühneuenglische Stücke Shakespeares als Adjektiv angesehen werden und stellt die Klassifikationsunterschiede zwischen den Wortklassen Adjektiv, Determinatoren, Nomen, Verben und Adverbien dar. Die drei Hauptkapitel der Arbeit präsentieren Shakespeares Möglichkeiten der adjektivischen Verdichtung (i) durch die Analyse von prädikativen Komparativstrukturen, die der zugrunde liegenden semantischen Bedeutung zugeordnet werden konnten, (ii) durch die Analyse von attributiven Transpositionen, für die spezifische Testmethoden herausgearbeitet wurden, um die verschiedenen Typen prä- und postnominaler Strukturen unterscheiden zu können, sowie (iii) durch die Analyse von prädikativen und attributiven Kompositastrukturen, für die eine Präferenz der syntaktischen Position und des Genre herausgearbeitet werden konnte. Bei Letzteren konnten auch eindeutig zwischen synthetischen und analytischen Komposita unterschieden werden. Im Anhang der Dissertation werden alle Beispiele der drei untersuchten Adjektivstrukturen aufgelistet