A Mini Review of Lifi Technology : Security Issue

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an extension of Light Fidelity (LiFi) that uses full duplex communication or fully networked wireless communication. LiFi is one of the top technologies for solving wireless fidelity (WiFi) issues. Communication over LiFi is one of its major advantages. However, no security system is infallible. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a mini review of LIFI technology in terms of security issues. As a new technology, Lifi is still not widely known for its security issues. Literature reviews are a necessary step to determining the issues related to Lifi technology. A descriptive qualitative approach is used in this paper to describe the data. As a result, several studies have documented security issues related to LiFi technology, including data modification, spoofing, and jamming

Secrecy capacity of LiFi systems

Radio frequency (RF) signals propagate through most materials that we are surrounded by while light is blocked by many of these materials. This feature makes wireless networks based on light (which are also referred to as LiFi networks) inherently more secure. However, it can also lead to sudden link failure if the legitimate data link is blocked because of user movements or changes in device orientation. In this paper, the secrecy capacity has been analysed with the consideration of imperfect channel state information, random device orientation and probability of link blockage for the case of a single eavesdropper. It has been found that the secrecy capacity almost doubles in a standing activity as opposed to a sitting activity and that the density of blocking objects degrades the secrecy capacity in single access point networks. It is evident that environmental factors and user behaviour have a significant impact on the secrecy performance and, thus, need to be considered for robust physical layer security (PLS) design in LiFi networks

Visible Light Communication Cyber Security Vulnerabilities For Indoor And Outdoor Vehicle-To-Vehicle Communication

Light fidelity (Li-Fi), developed from the approach of Visible Light Communication (VLC), is a great replacement or complement to existing radio frequency-based (RF) networks. Li-Fi is expected to be deployed in various environments were, due to Wi-Fi congestion and health limitations, RF should not be used. Moreover, VLC can provide the future fifth generation (5G) wireless technology with higher data rates for device connectivity which will alleviate the traffic demand. 5G is playing a vital role in encouraging the modern applications. In 2023, the deployment of all the cellular networks will reach more than 5 billion users globally. As a result, the security and privacy of 5G wireless networks is an essential problem as those modern applications are in people\u27s life everywhere. VLC security is as one of the core physical-layer security (PLS) solutions for 5G networks. Due to the fact that light does not penetrate through solid objects or walls, VLC naturally has higher security and privacy for indoor wireless networks compared to RF networks. However, the broadcasting nature of VLC caused concerns, e.g., eavesdropping, have created serious attention as it is a crucial step to validate the success of VLC in wild. The aim of this thesis is to properly address the security issues of VLC and further enhance the VLC nature security. We analyzed the secrecy performance of a VLC model by studying the characteristics of the transmitter, receiver and the visible light channel. Moreover, we mitigated the security threats in the VLC model for the legitimate user, by 1) implementing more access points (APs) in a multiuser VLC network that are cooperated, 2) reducing the semi-angle of LED to help improve the directivity and secrecy and, 3) using the protected zone strategy around the AP where eavesdroppers are restricted. According to the model\u27s parameters, the results showed that the secrecy performance in the proposed indoor VLC model and the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) VLC outdoor model using a combination of multiple PLS techniques as beamforming, secure communication zones, and friendly jamming is enhanced. The proposed model security performance was measured with respect to the signal to noise ratio (SNR), received optical power, and bit error rate (BER) Matlab simulation results

Design of Energy-Efficient Artificial Noise for Physical Layer Security in Visible Light Communications

This paper studies the design of energy-efficient artificial noise (AN) schemes in the context of physical layer security in visible light communications (VLC). Two different transmission schemes termed $\textit{selective AN-aided single-input single-output (SISO)}$ and $\textit{AN-aided multiple-input single-output (MISO)}$ are examined and compared in terms of secrecy energy efficiency (SEE). In the former, the closest LED luminaire to the legitimate user (Bob) is the information-bearing signal's transmitter. At the same time, the rest of the luminaries act as jammers transmitting AN to degrade the channels of eavesdroppers (Eves). In the latter, the information-bearing signal and AN are combined and transmitted by all luminaries. When Eves' CSI is unknown, an indirect design to improve the SEE is formulated by maximizing Bob's channel's energy efficiency. A low-complexity design based on the zero-forcing criterion is also proposed. In the case of known Eves' CSI, we study the design that maximizes the minimum SEE among those corresponding to all eavesdroppers. At their respective optimal SEEs, simulation results reveal that when Eves' CSI is unknown, the selective AN-aided SISO transmission can archive twice better SEE as the AN-aided MISO does. In contrast, when Eves' CSI is known, the AN-aided MISO outperforms by 30%