25 research outputs found
An Overview of Physical Layer Security with Finite Alphabet Signaling
Providing secure communications over the physical layer with the objective of achieving secrecy without requiring a secret key has been receiving growing attention within the past decade. The vast majority of the existing studies in the area of physical layer security focus exclusively on the scenarios where the channel inputs are Gaussian distributed. However, in practice, the signals employed for transmission are drawn from discrete signal constellations such as phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation. Hence, understanding the impact of the finite-alphabet input constraints and designing secure transmission schemes under this assumption is a mandatory step towards a practical implementation of physical layer security. With this motivation, this article reviews recent developments on physical layer security with finite-alphabet inputs. We explore transmit signal design algorithms for single-antenna as well as multi-antenna wiretap channels under different assumptions on the channel state information at the transmitter. Moreover, we present a review of the recent results on secure transmission with discrete signaling for various scenarios including multi-carrier transmission systems, broadcast channels with confidential messages, cognitive multiple access and relay networks. Throughout the article, we stress the important behavioral differences of discrete versus Gaussian inputs in the context of the physical layer security. We also present an overview of practical code construction over Gaussian and fading wiretap channels, and discuss some open problems and directions for future research
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Buffer-Aided Relay Selection in IRS-Assisted Secure Cooperative Networks
This paper proposes a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning-based buffer-aided relay selection scheme for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted secure cooperative network in the presence of an eavesdropper. We consider a practical phase model where both phase shift and reflection amplitude are discrete variables to vary the reflection coefficients of the IRS. Furthermore, we introduce the buffer-aided relay to enhance the secrecy performance, but the use of the buffer leads to the cost of delay. Thus, we aim to maximize either the average secrecy rate with a delay constraint or the throughput with both delay and secrecy constraints, by jointly optimizing the buffer-aided relay selection and the IRS reflection coefficients. To obtain the solution of these two optimization problems, we divide each of the problems into two sub-tasks and then develop a distributed multi-agent reinforcement learning scheme for the two cooperative sub-tasks, each relay node represents an agent in the distributed learning. We apply the distributed reinforcement learning scheme to optimize the IRS reflection coefficients, and then utilize an agent on the source to learn the optimal relay selection based on the optimal IRS reflection coefficients in each iteration. Simulation results show that the proposed learning-based scheme uses an iterative approach to learn from the environment for approximating an optimal solution via the exploration of multiple agents, which outperforms the benchmark schemes
Full-Duplex Wireless for 6G: Progress Brings New Opportunities and Challenges
The use of in-band full-duplex (FD) enables nodes to simultaneously transmit
and receive on the same frequency band, which challenges the traditional
assumption in wireless network design. The full-duplex capability enhances
spectral efficiency and decreases latency, which are two key drivers pushing
the performance expectations of next-generation mobile networks. In less than
ten years, in-band FD has advanced from being demonstrated in research labs to
being implemented in standards and products, presenting new opportunities to
utilize its foundational concepts. Some of the most significant opportunities
include using FD to enable wireless networks to sense the physical environment,
integrate sensing and communication applications, develop integrated access and
backhaul solutions, and work with smart signal propagation environments powered
by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. However, these new opportunities also
come with new challenges for large-scale commercial deployment of FD
technology, such as managing self-interference, combating cross-link
interference in multi-cell networks, and coexistence of dynamic time division
duplex, subband FD and FD networks.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, accepted to an IEEE Journa
A Comprehensive Overview on 5G-and-Beyond Networks with UAVs: From Communications to Sensing and Intelligence
Due to the advancements in cellular technologies and the dense deployment of
cellular infrastructure, integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the
fifth-generation (5G) and beyond cellular networks is a promising solution to
achieve safe UAV operation as well as enabling diversified applications with
mission-specific payload data delivery. In particular, 5G networks need to
support three typical usage scenarios, namely, enhanced mobile broadband
(eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive
machine-type communications (mMTC). On the one hand, UAVs can be leveraged as
cost-effective aerial platforms to provide ground users with enhanced
communication services by exploiting their high cruising altitude and
controllable maneuverability in three-dimensional (3D) space. On the other
hand, providing such communication services simultaneously for both UAV and
ground users poses new challenges due to the need for ubiquitous 3D signal
coverage as well as the strong air-ground network interference. Besides the
requirement of high-performance wireless communications, the ability to support
effective and efficient sensing as well as network intelligence is also
essential for 5G-and-beyond 3D heterogeneous wireless networks with coexisting
aerial and ground users. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of
the latest research efforts on integrating UAVs into cellular networks, with an
emphasis on how to exploit advanced techniques (e.g., intelligent reflecting
surface, short packet transmission, energy harvesting, joint communication and
radar sensing, and edge intelligence) to meet the diversified service
requirements of next-generation wireless systems. Moreover, we highlight
important directions for further investigation in future work.Comment: Accepted by IEEE JSA
Multi-Domain Polarization for Enhancing the Physical Layer Security of MIMO Systems
A novel Physical Layer Security (PLS) framework is conceived for enhancing
the security of the wireless communication systems by exploiting multi-domain
polarization in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. We design a
sophisticated key generation scheme based on multi-domain polarization, and the
corresponding receivers. An in-depth analysis of the system's secrecy rate is
provided, demonstrating the confidentiality of our approach in the presence of
eavesdroppers having strong computational capabilities. More explicitly, our
simulation results and theoretical analysis corroborate the advantages of the
proposed scheme in terms of its bit error rate (BER), block error rate (BLER),
and maximum achievable secrecy rate. Our findings indicate that the innovative
PLS framework effectively enhances the security and reliability of wireless
communication systems. For instance, in a MIMO setup, the proposed
PLS strategy exhibits an improvement of dB compared to conventional MIMO,
systems at a BLER of while the eavesdropper's BLER reaches