A framework for green manufacturing practicies in small and medium enterprises in Malaysia

Green Manufacturing Practices (GrMP) is a term used to describe manufacturing practices that do not harm the environment during any part of the manufacturing process. It emphasizes the use of processes that do not pollute the environment or harm consumers, employees, or other members of the community. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are moving toward sustainable alternatives through GrMP method. It stresses on critical factors such as organisational style, eco-knowledge, business environment, society influences, supply chain management and technology network. Large size industries are more compelled to do so compared to SMEs due to the fact that they are more influential with better organizational management and good financial stability compared to SMEs. However, SMEs are trying to adapt GrMP as a mandatory process, but lack of proper framework which guide them for implementation. Therefore, this study developes the framework of GrMP for local SMEs. The study involves enablers and barriers in implementing GrMP from previous literatures. This work formulate a framework based on relationship between criticals factors with enablers and barriers. 59 of respondents from local industries in Malaysia were selected as respondents based on six of critical factors divided into two parts which are enablers and barriers. The questionnaire are designed based on this. Survey were evaluated by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23, in terms of correlation, reliability, central tendency and variability testing. The finding on this study in the term of framework will help SMEs to implementing GrMP. Framework formulate relates the critical factors from previous literature and enablers and barriers from survey based on perception of industries expert. GrMP for SMEs are the first step of environmental awareness and ecological responsibilties

ISO 14649 (STEP-NC): New Standards for CNC Machining

The changing economic climate has made global manufacturing a growing reality over the last decade, forcing companies from east and west and all over the world to collaborate beyond geographic boundaries in the design, manufacture and assemble of products. The ISO10303 and ISO14649 Standards (STEP and STEP-NC) have been developed to introduce interoperability into manufacturing enterprises so as to meet the challenge of responding to production on demand. The paper focuses on the use of this new standard to address the process planning and machining of turn/mill discrete components. Due to the complexity of programming these machines there is a need to model their process capability to improve the interoperable manufacturing capability in places such as turning centres. Finally a proposed computational environment for a STEP-NC compliant system for turning operations (SCSTO) is described. And supported by the specification of information models and constructed using a structured methodology and object-oriented methods. SCSTO was developed to generate a Part 21 file based on machining features to support the interactive generation of process plans utilizing feature extraction. A case study component has been developed to prove the concept for using the milling and turning parts of ISO14649 to provide a turn-mill CAD/CAPP/CAM environment

Design of a STEP compliant system for turning operations

The changing economic climate has made global manufacturing a growing necessity over the last decade, forcing companies from East and West to collaborate beyond geographic boundaries in the design, manufacture and assembly of products. The ISO 10303 and ISO 14649 Standards (STEP and STEP-NC) have been developed to introduce interoperability into manufacturing enterprises so as to meet the challenges of responding to production on demand. This paper describes and illustrates a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM System for the manufacture of rotational parts on CNC turning centers. The information models to support the proposed system together with the data models defined in the ISO 14649 standard used to create the NC programs are also described. A structured view of a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM system framework supporting the next generation of intelligent CNC controllers for turn/mill component manufacture is provided. Finally a proposed computational environment for a STEP-NC compliant system for turning operations (SCSTO) is described. SCSTO is the experimental aspect of the research and is supported by information models that and have been constructed using a structured methodology and object-oriented methods. SCSTO was developed to generate a Part 21 file based on machining features to support the interactive generation of process plans utilizing feature extraction. A case study component has been developed to prove the concept of using the milling and turning parts of ISO 14649 to provide a turn-mill CAD/CAPP/CAM environment

Network part program approach based on the STEP-NC data structure for the machining of multiple fixture pallets

partially_open4noThe adoption of alternative process plans, that is, process plans that include alternative ways of machining a workpiece, can improve system performance through a better management of resource availability. Unfortunately even if this opportunity is deeply analysed in literature, it is not frequently adopted in real manufacturing practice. In order to fill this gap, this article presents the network part program (NPP) approach for the machining of multiple fixture pallets. The NPP approach is based on the STEP-NC data structure which supports nonlinear sequences of operations and process flexibility. In the NPP approach, a machining system supervisor defines the machining sequences and generates the related part programs just before the execution of the pallet. This article provides an approach with high scientific value and industrial applicability based on the integration of new and existing process planning methods. A real industrial case study is considered in order to show that in real applications the final quality is unaffected by the change of the sequence of the operations due to the employment of nonlinear process plans. Since the results appear very encouraging, the proposed approach is a possible solution to accelerate the adoption of nonlinear process planning in real manufacturing practice.S. Borgia; S. Pellegrinelli; S. Petro'; T. TolioBorgia, Stefano; Pellegrinelli, Stefania; Petro', Stefano; Tolio, TULLIO ANTONIO MARI

An eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System for feature based manufacturing with STEP-NC

International audienceCNC feature-based programming with STEP-NC standard extends the collaborative model of manufacturing data exchange all along the numerical data chain. This paper considers the mutations related to this approach from the manufacturing system level to the industrial enterprise as a whole. The eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System concept is introduced to fill in the gap of the current manufacturing data exchange bottleneck. It is composed of eXtended CAD and eXtended CNC systems to link the CAD model to the real machined part through the Manufacturing Information Pipeline. The contributions associated with these concepts are demonstrated through a validation platform implemented on industrial CNC manufacturing equipments

Design of a STEP compliant system for turning operations

This article was published in the journal, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing [© Elsevier Ltd.] and the definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2010.05.002The changing economic climate has made global manufacturing a growing necessity over the last decade, forcing companies from East and West to collaborate beyond geographic boundaries in the design, manufacture and assembly of products. The ISO 10303 and ISO 14649 Standards (STEP and STEP-NC) have been developed to introduce interoperability into manufacturing enterprises so as to meet the challenges of responding to production on demand. This paper describes and illustrates a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM System for the manufacture of rotational parts on CNC turning centers. The information models to support the proposed system together with the data models defined in the ISO 14649 standard used to create the NC programs are also described. A structured view of a STEP compliant CAD/CAPP/CAM system framework supporting the next generation of intelligent CNC controllers for turn/mill component manufacture is provided. Finally a proposed computational environment for a STEP-NC compliant system for turning operations (SCSTO) is described. SCSTO is the experimental aspect of the research and is supported by information models that and have been constructed using a structured methodology and object-oriented methods. SCSTO was developed to generate a Part 21 file based on machining features to support the interactive generation of process plans utilizing feature extraction. A case study component has been developed to prove the concept of using the milling and turning parts of ISO 14649 to provide a turn-mill CAD/CAPP/CAM environment

STEP COMPLIANT APPROACH FOR TURN-MILL OPERATIONS

Current machine tools have incurred challenges on limitation such as part programming complexity of G and M code, weak integration of digital machine tools and coverage of universal data modeling for product and manufacturing resources. In response to this manufacturing system requirement, Standard for Exchange of Product data (STEP) and its implementation on developing an interface for the next generation of machine tool controllers (STEP-NC) has become a concern of research interest and performed on basic manufacturing technology limited to a unit domain such as turning, milling or Wire EDM. Therefore; extending this STEP implementation on multipurpose machine tools such as turn-mill machines is mandatory since the machines are the main component in these industries. The research work offers a STEP-NC compliant interface supporting turn-mill machining environment identified as SCSTMO

Metodologias para a redução do tempo de fabrico de componentes por fresagem multi-eixo

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia de ProduçãoNa indústria atual, ainda é grande a percentagem de empresas metalomecânicas que recorre a multi-apertos no fabrico de peças de grande complexidade geométrica. Embora grande parte destas empresas já possua máquinas CNC (Controlo Númerico Computadorizado) com 4 eixos, ainda são poucas as que realmente exploram as potencialidades que estas máquinas podem oferecer, recorrendo somente aos 3,5 eixos (eixo rotativo indexado em torno do eixo X ou do eixo Y) no fabrico de peças. Embora não esteja disponível bibliograficamente, o contacto com várias empresas permitiu-nos concluir que a elevada taxa de utilização dos 3,5 eixos, na maior parte das vezes, é devida à falta de um pós-processador que estabeleça a comunicação entre o CAM (Maquinação Assistida por Computador) e o CNC. A presente dissertação defende o recurso à maquinação multi-eixo (com um 40 eixo), através da alteração de um pós--processador Acramatic e na utilização de técnicas de fixação rápida, e de formas diversificadas dos brutos de maquinação. Com esta inovação, pretende demonstrar-se que é possível viabilizar o uso da maquinação multi-eixo, comparando-a com as atuais máquinas de PR (Prototipagem Rápida). A partir deste conjunto de técnicas, juntamente com a empresa MPSA (Moldes Plásticos SA), foi desenvolvido um estudo com a finalidade de avaliar a redução do número de operações e dos tempos improdutivos, nomeadamente de preparação do equipamento de maquinagem

STEP COMPLIANT APPROACH FOR TURN-MILL OPERATIONS

Current machine tools have incurred challenges on limitation such as part programming complexity of G and M code, weak integration of digital machine tools and coverage of universal data modeling for product and manufacturing resources. In response to this manufacturing system requirement, Standard for Exchange of Product data (STEP) and its implementation on developing an interface for the next generation of machine tool controllers (STEP-NC) has become a concern of research interest and performed on basic manufacturing technology limited to a unit domain such as turning, milling or Wire EDM. Therefore; extending this STEP implementation on multipurpose machine tools such as turn-mill machines is mandatory since the machines are the main component in these industries. The research work offers a STEP-NC compliant interface supporting turn-mill machining environment identified as SCSTMO