Edge Roman domination on graphs

An edge Roman dominating function of a graph $G$ is a function $f\colon E(G) \rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$ satisfying the condition that every edge $e$ with $f(e)=0$ is adjacent to some edge $e'$ with $f(e')=2$. The edge Roman domination number of $G$, denoted by $\gamma'_R(G)$, is the minimum weight $w(f) = \sum_{e\in E(G)} f(e)$ of an edge Roman dominating function $f$ of $G$. This paper disproves a conjecture of Akbari, Ehsani, Ghajar, Jalaly Khalilabadi and Sadeghian Sadeghabad stating that if $G$ is a graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ on $n$ vertices, then $\gamma_R'(G) \le \lceil \frac{\Delta}{\Delta+1} n \rceil$. While the counterexamples having the edge Roman domination numbers $\frac{2\Delta-2}{2\Delta-1} n$, we prove that $\frac{2\Delta-2}{2\Delta-1} n + \frac{2}{2\Delta-1}$ is an upper bound for connected graphs. Furthermore, we provide an upper bound for the edge Roman domination number of $k$-degenerate graphs, which generalizes results of Akbari, Ehsani, Ghajar, Jalaly Khalilabadi and Sadeghian Sadeghabad. We also prove a sharp upper bound for subcubic graphs. In addition, we prove that the edge Roman domination numbers of planar graphs on $n$ vertices is at most $\frac{6}{7}n$, which confirms a conjecture of Akbari and Qajar. We also show an upper bound for graphs of girth at least five that is 2-cell embeddable in surfaces of small genus. Finally, we prove an upper bound for graphs that do not contain $K_{2,3}$ as a subdivision, which generalizes a result of Akbari and Qajar on outerplanar graphs

A note on the double Roman domination number of graphs

summary:For a graph $G=(V,E)$, a double Roman dominating function is a function $f\colon V\rightarrow \{0,1,2,3\}$ having the property that if $f(v)=0$, then the vertex $v$ must have at least two neighbors assigned $2$ under $f$ or one neighbor with $f(w)=3$, and if $f(v)=1$, then the vertex $v$ must have at least one neighbor with $f(w)\geq 2$. The weight of a double Roman dominating function $f$ is the sum $f(V)=\sum \nolimits _{v\in V}f(v)$. The minimum weight of a double Roman dominating function on $G$ is called the double Roman domination number of $G$ and is denoted by $\gamma _{\rm dR}(G)$. In this paper, we establish a new upper bound on the double Roman domination number of graphs. We prove that every connected graph $G$ with minimum degree at least two and $G\neq C_{5}$ satisfies the inequality $\gamma _{\rm dR}(G)\leq \lfloor \frac {13}{11}n\rfloor$. One open question posed by R. A. Beeler et al. has been settled

Upper bounds for covering total double Roman domination

Let G = (V, E) be a finite simple graph where V = V (G) and E = E(G). Suppose that G has no isolated vertex. A covering total double Roman dominating function (CT DRD function) f of G is a total double Roman dominating function (T DRD function) of G for which the set {v ∈ V (G)|f(v) ≠ 0} is a covering set. The covering total double Roman domination number γctdR(G) is the minimum weight of a CT DRD function on G. In this work, we present some contributions to the study of γctdR(G)-function of graphs. For the non star trees T, we show that γctdR(T) ≤ 4n(T )+5s(T )−4l(T )/3, where n(T), s(T) and l(T) are the order, the number of support vertices and the number of leaves of T respectively. Moreover, we characterize trees T achieve this bound. Then we study the upper bound of the 2-edge connected graphs and show that, for a 2-edge connected graphs G, γctdR(G) ≤ 4n/3 and finally, we show that, for a simple graph G of order n with δ(G) ≥ 2, γctdR(G) ≤ 4n/3 and this bound is sharp.Publisher's Versio

Protecting a Graph with Mobile Guards

Mobile guards on the vertices of a graph are used to defend it against attacks on either its vertices or its edges. Various models for this problem have been proposed. In this survey we describe a number of these models with particular attention to the case when the attack sequence is infinitely long and the guards must induce some particular configuration before each attack, such as a dominating set or a vertex cover. Results from the literature concerning the number of guards needed to successfully defend a graph in each of these problems are surveyed.Comment: 29 pages, two figures, surve

On the Roman Bondage Number of Graphs on surfaces

A Roman dominating function on a graph $G$ is a labeling $f : V(G) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ such that every vertex with label $0$ has a neighbor with label $2$. The Roman domination number, $\gamma_R(G)$, of $G$ is the minimum of $\Sigma_{v\in V (G)} f(v)$ over such functions. The Roman bondage number $b_R(G)$ is the cardinality of a smallest set of edges whose removal from $G$ results in a graph with Roman domination number not equal to $\gamma_R(G)$. In this paper we obtain upper bounds on $b_{R}(G)$ in terms of (a) the average degree and maximum degree, and (b) Euler characteristic, girth and maximum degree. We also show that the Roman bondage number of every graph which admits a $2$-cell embedding on a surface with non negative Euler characteristic does not exceed $15$.Comment: 5 page