Robust minimum energy wireless routing for underwater acoustic communication networks

Marine robots are an increasingly attractive means for observing and monitoring the ocean, but underwater acoustic communications remain a major challenge. The channel exhibits long delay spreads with frequency-dependent attenuation; moreover, it is time-varying. We consider the minimum energy wireless transmission problem [MET], augmented by the practical condition that constraints on link power must be satisfied in probability. For this, we formulate the robust counterpart of the multicommodity mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model from Haugland and Yuan [1], and derive scaled power levels that account for uncertainty. Our main result is that the deterministic formulation with these scaled power levels recovers exactly the optimal robust solution in the absence of correlations, and therefore allows for efficient solution via MILP. This approach achieves significant power improvements over heuristics, and naturally lends itself to vehicle networks.United States. Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-09-1-0700

A Survey on Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Routing Protocols

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have become more and more important in ocean exploration applications, such as ocean monitoring, pollution detection, ocean resource management, underwater device maintenance, etc. In underwater acoustic sensor networks, since the routing protocol guarantees reliable and effective data transmission from the source node to the destination node, routing protocol design is an attractive topic for researchers. There are many routing algorithms have been proposed in recent years. To present the current state of development of UASN routing protocols, we review herein the UASN routing protocol designs reported in recent years. In this paper, all the routing protocols have been classified into different groups according to their characteristics and routing algorithms, such as the non-cross-layer design routing protocol, the traditional cross-layer design routing protocol, and the intelligent algorithm based routing protocol. This is also the first paper that introduces intelligent algorithm-based UASN routing protocols. In addition, in this paper, we investigate the development trends of UASN routing protocols, which can provide researchers with clear and direct insights for further research

Methodology for the Perseverance to Node Mobility Issues in Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN)

Now a days, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is effecting each and every area of life. Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) is a great development in WSN. UWSN is the foremost research area because of its advantages in seismic monitoring, study of flora and fauna, defense services, weather monitoring, pollution monitoring etc. UWSN is experiencing many challenges in its deployment, routing, communication due to terrible underwater environment. One major challenge is the use of acoustic signal because in UWSN we cannot use radio signals. Some other limitations are propagation delays, larger distance, 3D architecture, node mobility due to water etc. In this paper we have reviewed various existing methods for node mobility based on vector, AUV, path and clusters and proposed a new approach for communication in underwater environment by giving solution to the node mobility issue in 3D based deployment. Proposed approach is using Euclidean distance formula and OSPF dynamic routing, executed and compared with previous algorithms with significant improvement