Robust and Efficient Energy Harvested-aware Routing Protocol with Clustering Approach in Body Area Networks

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is one of the specialized branches of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which draws attention from various fields of science, such as medicine, engineering, physics, biology, and computer science. It has emerged as an important research area contributing to sports, social welfare, and medical treatment. One of the most important technologies of WBANs is routing technology. For efficient routing in WBANs, multiple network operations, such as network stability, throughput, energy efficiency, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio, must be considered. In this paper, a robust and efficient Energy Harvested-aware Routing protocol with Clustering approach in Body area networks (EH-RCB) is proposed. It is designed with the intent to stabilize the operation of WBANs by choosing the best forwarder node, which is based on optimal calculated Cost Function (C.F). The C.F considers the link SNR, required transmission power, the distance between nodes, and total available energy, i.e., harvested energy and residual energy. Comprehensive simulation has been conducted, supported by NS-2 and C++ simulations tools to compare EH-RCB with existing protocols named DSCB, EERP, RE-ATTEMPT, and EECBSR. The results indicate a significant improvement in the EH-RCB in terms of the end-to-end delay network stability, packet delivery ratio, and network throughput

Using Minimum Connected Dominating Set for Mobile sink path planning in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are a motivating area of research and have a variety of applications. Given that these networks are anticipated to function without supervision for extended periods, there is a need to propose techniques to enhance the performance of these networks without consuming the essential resource sensor nodes have, which is their battery energy. In this paper, we propose a new sink node mobility model based on calculating the minimum connected dominating set of a network. As a result, instead of visiting all of the static sensor nodes in the network, the mobile sink will visit a small number or fraction of static sensor nodes to gather data and report it to the base station. The proposed model's performance was examined through simulation using the NS-2 simulator with various network sizes and mobile sink speeds. Finally, the proposed model's performance was evaluated using a variety of performance metrics, including End-To-End delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput, and overall energy consumption as a percentage

Multi-constrained mechanism for intra-body area network quality-of-service aware routing in wireless body sensor networks

Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) have witnessed tremendous research interests in a wide range of medical and non-medical fields. In the delaysensitive application scenarios, the critical data packets are highly delay-sensitive which require some Quality-of-Service (QoS) to reach the intended destinations. The categorization of data packets and selection of poor links may have detrimental impacts on overall performance of the network. In WBSN, various biosensors transmit the sensed data towards a destination for further analysis. However, for an efficient data transmission, it is very important to transmit the sensed data towards the base station by satisfying the QoS multi-constrained requirements of the healthcare applications in terms of least end-to-end delay and high reliability, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and route stability performance. Most of the existing WBSN routing schemes consider traffic prioritization to solve the slot allocation problem. Consequently, the data transmission may face high delays, packet losses, retransmissions, lack of bandwidth, and insufficient buffer space. On the other hand, an end-to-end route is discovered either using a single or composite metric for the data transmission. Thus, it affects the delivery of the critical data through a less privileged manner. Furthermore, a conventional route repair method is considered for the reporting of broken links which does not include surrounding interference. As such, this thesis presents the Multi-constrained mechanism for Intra- Body Area Network QoS aware routing (MIQoS) with Low Latency Traffic Prioritization (LLTP), Optimized Route Discovery (ORD), and Interference Adaptive Route Repair (IARR) schemes for the healthcare application of WBSN with an objective of improving performance in terms of end-to-end delay, route stability, and throughput. The proposed LLTP scheme considers various priority queues with an optimized scheduling mechanism that dynamically identifies and prioritizes the critical data traffic in an emergency situation to enhance the critical data transmission. Consequently, this will avoid unnecessary queuing delay. The ORD scheme incorporates an improved and multi-facet routing metric, Link Quality Metric (LQM) optimizes the route selection by considering link delay, link delivery ratio, and link interference ratio. The IARR scheme identifies the links experiencing transmission issues due to channel interference and makes a coherent decision about route breakage based on the long term link performance to avoid unnecessary route discovery notifications. The simulation results verified the improved performance in terms of reducing the end-to-end delay by 29%, increasing the throughput by 22% and route stability by 26% as compared to the existing routing schemes such as TTRP, PA-AODV and standard AODV. In conclusion, MIQoS proves to be a suitable routing mechanism for a wide range of interesting applications of WBSN that require fast, reliable and multi-hop communication in heavily loaded network traffic scenarios