16,940 research outputs found
Revisiting two-sided stability constraints
We show that previous filtering propositions on two-sided stability problems do not enforce arc consistency (AC), however they maintain Bound(D) Consistency (BC(D)). We propose an optimal algorithm achieving BC(D) with O(L) time complexity where L is the length of the preference lists. We also show an adaptation of this filtering approach to achieve AC. Next, we report the first polynomial time algorithm for solving the hospital/resident problem with forced and forbidden pairs. Furthermore, we show that the particular case of this problem for stable marriage can be solved in O(n2) which improves the previously best complexity by a factor of n2. Finally, we present a comprehensive set of experiments to evaluate the filtering propositions
Revisiting Event Horizon Finders
Event horizons are the defining physical features of black hole spacetimes,
and are of considerable interest in studying black hole dynamics. Here, we
reconsider three techniques to localise event horizons in numerical spacetimes:
integrating geodesics, integrating a surface, and integrating a level-set of
surfaces over a volume. We implement the first two techniques and find that
straightforward integration of geodesics backward in time to be most robust. We
find that the exponential rate of approach of a null surface towards the event
horizon of a spinning black hole equals the surface gravity of the black hole.
In head-on mergers we are able to track quasi-normal ringing of the merged
black hole through seven oscillations, covering a dynamic range of about 10^5.
Both at late times (when the final black hole has settled down) and at early
times (before the merger), the apparent horizon is found to be an excellent
approximation of the event horizon. In the head-on binary black hole merger,
only {\em some} of the future null generators of the horizon are found to start
from past null infinity; the others approach the event horizons of the
individual black holes at times far before merger.Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures, revision
The Causes of Political Integration: An Application to School Districts
This paper examines the forces behind political integration through the lens of school district consolidations, which reduced the number of school districts in the United States from around 130,000 in 1930 to under 15,000 at present. Despite this large observed decline, many districts resisted consolidation before ultimately merging and others never merged, choosing to remain at enrollment levels that nearly any education cost function would deem inefficiently small. Why do some districts voluntarily integrate while others remain small, and how do those districts that do merge choose with which of their neighbors to do so? In addressing these questions, we empirically examine the role of potential economies and diseconomies of scale, heterogeneity between merger partners, and the role of state governments. We first develop a simulation-based estimator that is rooted in the economics of matching and thus accounts for three important features of typical merger protocol: two-sided decision making, multiple potential partners, and spatial interdependence. We then apply this methodology to a wave of school district mergers in the state of Iowa during the 1990s. Our results highlight the importance of economies of scale, diseconomies of scale, state financial incentives for consolidation, and a variety of heterogeneity measures.
Fiscal and Monetary Interaction: The Role of Asymmetries of the Stability and Growth Pact in EMU
The paper builds a simplified model describing the economy of a currency union with decentralised national fiscal policy, where the main features characterising the policy-making are similar to those in EMU. National governments choose the size of deficit taking into account the two main rules of the Stability and Growth Pact on public finance. Unlike previous literature the asymmetric working of those rules is explicitly modelled in order to identify its impact on the Nash equilibrium of deficits arising from a game of strategic interaction between fiscal authorities in the union.Stability and Growth Pact, EMU, asymmetric fiscal rules, decentralised fiscal policy
Mechanical systems subjected to generalized nonholonomic constraints
We study mechanical systems subject to constraint functions that can be
dependent at some points and independent at the rest. Such systems are modelled
by means of generalized codistributions. We discuss how the constraint force
can transmit an impulse to the motion at the points of dependence and derive an
explicit formula to obtain the ``post-impact'' momentum in terms of the
``pre-impact'' momentum.Comment: 24 pages, no figure
Recommended from our members
FIDE Congress 2020 - EU Competition Law and the Digital Economy: United Kingdom Report
This report was prepared for the 29th biennial Congress of the International Federation of European Law (FIDE) to be held in The Hague in May 2020. It is the national report for the United Kingdom in response to Topic 3 of the 2020 FIDE Congress, titled ‘EU Competition Law and the Digital Economy’. This report offers an overview of UK competition enforcement in digital economy markets by answering twelve questions organised into four sections. Part A summarises key UK antitrust and merger decisions, agency publications, priorities and goals of enforcement in digital economy markets. Part B focuses upon the definition of markets and conceptualisation of market power by UK authorities in digital economy cases in light of their challenges and particularities. Part C offers a detailed overview of the issues underpinning UK antitrust and merger scrutiny in this field: the types of conduct investigated, relevant factors and concepts, theories of harm, efficiency justifications and remedies in digital economy cases. Finally, Part D identifies the potential for incoherent enforcement in this field from two different sources: the overlap between UK competition law and ex ante regulatory regimes (e.g. consumer protection, data protection); and the overlap between the powers of various UK competition decision-makers (e.g. sectoral regulators, the Competition Appeal Tribunal, and the courts)
Correlating Cell Behavior with Tissue Topology in Embryonic Epithelia
Measurements on embryonic epithelial tissues in a diverse range of organisms
have shown that the statistics of cell neighbor numbers are universal in
tissues where cell proliferation is the primary cell activity. Highly
simplified non-spatial models of proliferation are claimed to accurately
reproduce these statistics. Using a systematic critical analysis, we show that
non-spatial models are not capable of robustly describing the universal
statistics observed in proliferating epithelia, indicating strong spatial
correlations between cells. Furthermore we show that spatial simulations using
the Subcellular Element Model are able to robustly reproduce the universal
histogram. In addition these simulations are able to unify ostensibly divergent
experimental data in the literature. We also analyze cell neighbor statistics
in early stages of chick embryo development in which cell behaviors other than
proliferation are important. We find from experimental observation that cell
neighbor statistics in the primitive streak region, where cell motility and
ingression are also important, show a much broader distribution. A non-spatial
Markov process model provides excellent agreement with this broader histogram
indicating that cells in the primitive streak may have significantly weaker
spatial correlations. These findings show that cell neighbor statistics provide
a potentially useful signature of collective cell behavior.Comment: PLoS one 201
- …