Formalising the Continuous/Discrete Modeling Step

Formally capturing the transition from a continuous model to a discrete model is investigated using model based refinement techniques. A very simple model for stopping (eg. of a train) is developed in both the continuous and discrete domains. The difference between the two is quantified using generic results from ODE theory, and these estimates can be compared with the exact solutions. Such results do not fit well into a conventional model based refinement framework; however they can be accommodated into a model based retrenchment. The retrenchment is described, and the way it can interface to refinement development on both the continuous and discrete sides is outlined. The approach is compared to what can be achieved using hybrid systems techniques.Comment: In Proceedings Refine 2011, arXiv:1106.348

Ludlow College: report from the Inspectorate (FEFC inspection report; 103/95 and 78/98)

The Further Education Funding Council has a legal duty to make sure further education in England is properly assessed. The FEFC’s inspectorate inspects and reports on each college of further education according to a four-year cycle. This record comprises the reports for periods 1994-95 and 1997-98

Adaptive strategies in response to the economic crisis

This study builds on prior research on culture-specific differences in strategic decision-making and strategic issue analysis, and extends it to the field of strategic crisis adaptation. Taking an upper echelons perspective, it is investigated whether the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance had an effect on strategic directions that managers chose in response to the 20082009 global financial and economic crisis. Building on a framework of strategic crisis responses and a quantitative survey conducted among 257 managers in Austria and Slovenia, the findings suggest that strategic issue interpretations of the economic crisis as well as country differences influence whether firms are using externally versus internally-directed strategic responses, and pro-active versus retrenchment strategies. The differences in strategy deployment between the two countries, however, could not be consistently traced to differences in the cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance, thus suggesting that other country-specific factors like institutional or social differences also play an important role

Montana Kaimin, June 1, 1989

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.https://scholarworks.umt.edu/studentnewspaper/9217/thumbnail.jp

Pushouts in software architecture design

A classical approach to program derivation is to progressively extend a simple specification and then incrementally refine it to an implementation. We claim this approach is hard or impractical when reverse engineering legacy software architectures. We present a case study that shows optimizations and pushouts--in addition to refinements and extensions--are essential for practical stepwise development of complex software architectures.NSF CCF 0724979NSF CNS 0509338NSF CCF 0917167NSF DGE-1110007FCT SFRH/BD/47800/2008FCT UTAustin/CA/0056/200

Editorial Matter 1987

Foreword Contents Indexes: Cumulative Title Index, Cumulative Author Inde

A Five Year Plan for the Strengthening and Enhancement of Prairie View A&M University - December 1982

https://digitalcommons.pvamu.edu/pv-plan/1001/thumbnail.jp

The Economic and Policy Setting of Renewable Energy: Where Do Things Stand?

This paper looks at the status and prospects of renewables—with particular emphasis on windpower—in the electric power sector. Although renewables account for a steadily rising share of electricity generation in various countries, their role remains small in absolute terms. In part, this is because of technological progress of and successful competition from fossil-fueled generation—notably, combined cycle gas turbines. While diminishing, subsidies continue to be indispensable to the use of renewables in most places. Viability of renewables-based electricity is undermined by the cost of externalities for which fossil energy combustion is only partially charged. A number of countries (and states in the U.S.) have launched obligatory requirements for renewables-based electricity in the years ahead. This so-called “renewable portfolio standard,” while technology-forcing, offers an opportunity for an economically efficient way of promoting greater market penetration of renewables.Renewable energy, electricity, windpower, externalities

The Role of Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) on Government

Small and Micro Entrepreneurs (SMEs) pay tax to the government. They thus become important actors for incomepoverty reduction strategies of the government authorities and donor agencies. Service delivery from thegovernment depends on their revenue collection which large part comes from tax. Tax revenue of the governmentdepends on different factors namely, the taxable capacity of the tax payers and the tax base. Entrepreneurs arecritical stakeholders of poverty reduction in any country as they form a large tax base and their capacity (revenue) isimportant for the government to have high taxable capacity which in turn enables the government to provideservices to the public. This paper intends to examine the role of entrepreneurs who pay their tax and the capacity ofGovernment to provide services which in turn reduce poverty.Keywords: SMEs, poverty reduction, tax base, taxable capacity, and Tanzani